chinese foot binding essays

chinese foot restricting expositions As I read the news story, my eyes augment with each word, According to the National Institute of Mental Health there are more than 5 million individuals in the United States enduring with dietary problems. 1% of all North American youngsters have dietary issues. 10% of these youngsters will pass on. Individuals battling with anorexia are among those whose wellbeing are at extraordinary risk...( www.planet-therapy.com) And then I see an image of a little youngster, only bones and skin, looking died. I ask myself, What wont individuals accomplish for excellence? They state, True excellence originates from inside. Anyway obvious this announcement might be, in pretty much every general public since the beginning, ladies have been required to experience major and regularly excruciating physical adjustments for the sake of excellence and societal position. Maybe one of the most anguishing beatifications in all of history is the Chinese custom of foot official. Foot restricting is an antiquated custom that includes the reshaping of the womans feet to accomplish a littler foot. Joined by incredible agony and devastating impediments, Chinese foot restricting is a demonstration of how far people will go to be wonderful. Likewise with most other beautification forms, for example, ear penetrating or inking, Chinese foot restricting has huge social and social ramifications. What's more, utilizing present day innovation, we can likewise observe the physiological impacts of foot official. Foot restricting started in the late T'ang Dynasty (618-906) and it step by step spread through the privileged during the Song Dynasty (960-1297). During the Ming time frame (1368-1644) and the Ching Dynasty (1644-1911) the custom of foot restricting spread through the dominant part of the Chinese populace (Mo-chn, 65). It started with the sovereign Li Yu of the Tang Dynasty who, following up on his fixation for little feet, taught his preferred mistress, Lovely Maiden, to tie her feet in silk material in ord... <!

Free Essays on No-No Boy

No-No Boy John Okada was a Japanese American of the subsequent age. He was conceived in the Seattle territory as a U.S resident. During 1957 Okada brought up a particular emergency that American residents of Japanese legacy looked during and after WWII. Okada’s book titled No-No Boy addresses the perfect of devotion in a crooked and inconsistent society of harsh real factors and enthusiastic clashes. At the point when the Japanese besieged Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Japanese, remembering those living for America, turned into the adversary. Those living on the West Coast were put in internment camps. The Japanese in America during this time were addressed of their American enthusiasm, and were held under the doubt of clutching their faithfulness to Japan. In this manner, the more the Japanese clutched their Japanese culture, the less †American† they were seen to be. The Nisei age (which were the second era of Japanese foreigners who are in this way brought into the world American residents) was given an unwaveringness study, expected to sift through the individuals who were â€Å"loyal citizens† of America and the individuals who were most certainly not. Two of the inquiries posed were extremely questionable for Japanese Americans. They were asked, on the off chance that they would battle in the American armed force for the American war, and on the off chance tha t they would surrender all faithfulness to Japan and its sovereign. These two inquiries raised a lot of contention for youthful Japanese Americans, who needed to decide to relate to either their Japanese ethnicity, or their American nationality. As of now ever, asserting a personality with the two was impossible. The survey partitioned the youthful Japanese-American men into two particular classes, the individuals who responded to yes to the two inquiries, and the individuals who addressed no-no, who came to be known as ‘no-no boys.’ Those who addressed yes-yes were drafted into the U.S. Armed force to battle for America against the Japanese. These men felt that by battling for America they were demonstrating the faithfulness of Japanese-... Free Essays on No-No Boy Free Essays on No-No Boy No-No Boy John Okada was a Japanese American of the subsequent age. He was conceived in the Seattle region as a U.S resident. During 1957 Okada called attention to a particular emergency that American residents of Japanese legacy looked during and after WWII. Okada’s book titled No-No Boy addresses the perfect of faithfulness in a vile and inconsistent society of severe real factors and passionate clashes. At the point when the Japanese bombarded Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Japanese, remembering those living for America, turned into the foe. Those living on the West Coast were set in internment camps. The Japanese in America during this time were addressed of their American enthusiasm, and were held under the doubt of clutching their reliability to Japan. Along these lines, the more the Japanese clutched their Japanese culture, the less †American† they were seen to be. The Nisei age (which were the second era of Japanese outsiders who are in this way brought into the world American residents) was given a faithfulness overview, expected to sift through the individuals who were â€Å"loyal citizens† of America and the individuals who were most certainly not. Two of the inquiries posed were disputable for Japanese Americans. They were asked, on the off chance that they would battle in the American armed force for the American war, and on the off chance that they would sur render all devotion to Japan and its ruler. These two inquiries raised a lot of contention for youthful Japanese Americans, who needed to decide to relate to either their Japanese ethnicity, or their American nationality. Right now ever, asserting a personality with the two was impossible. The survey separated the youthful Japanese-American men into two particular classes, the individuals who addressed yes to the two inquiries, and the individuals who addressed no-no, who came to be known as ‘no-no boys.’ Those who addressed yes-yes were drafted into the U.S. Armed force to battle for America against the Japanese. These men felt that by battling for America they were demonstrating the reliability of Japanese-... Free Essays on No-No Boy John Okada was conceived in Seattle and went to the University of Washington and Columbia University. Much like other Japanese Americans, he battled for the United States during World War II, and was released as a sergeant in 1946. His war encounters framed the reason for his lone book, No-No Boy (1957), the primary novel distributed by a U.S.- brought into the world Japanese American. No-No Boy manages the Japanese internment camps and the contention numerous Japanese American warriors felt serving the United States while battling the powers of their Japanese legacy. This is, definitely, one of the best and moving books I have ever perused. It is an entirely comprehensible book about the predicament of Japanese-American residents in the prompt fallout of WWII. The story follows Ichiro, an original American-brought into the world Japanese-American, who decide not to join the American armed force so as to get away from the internment camp into which he and his family had been put in the counter Japanese fever following Pearl Harbor (henceforth his arrangement as a No-No Boy). Thus, Ichiro is detained for a long time. The book gets his story after he is discharged and comes back to his now disinterred family in their home in Seattle. At the beginning of today without precedent for a long time, there were no bars, however the reality left him similarly disinterested. The jail which he had cut out of this own idiocy allowed no paroles or exculpates. It was a jail of everlastingly (Okada, 40).† This accentuates the topic of self-loathing that Ichiro is encountering. It shows his lament for his choice and how he abhors himself for it. He isn't free and feels he never will be a result of his idiocy in his decision two years back. Rather than feeling the help of opportunity, he is caught by his self-loathing, realizing he will never be the equivalent and never be American, which he aches to be. I state this book is viable and moving for one excellent explanation. It evoked in me, typically unempathetic perso...

Outbox July 14, 2017

Inbox/Outbox July 14, 2017 As someone who is permanently behind in her to-read list, I’ve found that the only way of tackling it is by turning to the thinnest volumes first and working my way up. Therefore, my reading decisions have no other rhyme or reason than page numbers. Thankfully, summer is the season when I read the most and I’ve been knocking off books I’ve kept on the shelves for years. I’m trying to limit my book purchases as much as possible, but one always seems to sneak in. INBOX Not Since Carrie: Forty Years of Broadway Musical Flops by Ken Mandelbaum I’m in the process of writing a YA novel that combines my love for musicals with my hatred for Catholic school. This means I’ve been reading all sorts of fascinating facts about the genre. My next foray into becoming an amateur expert is this book on Broadway’s biggest failures. From what I understand, this is the rare gem that combines thoughtful criticism with hilarious outtakes. I’m always game for anything that combines my need for both gossip AND historical analysis. OUTBOX   Pinned by Sharon G. Flake This middle-grade/cusp-of-YA novel tells the story of Adonis and Autumn, two total opposites that only seem to share one thing in common: wrestling. Autumn is the star wrester and only girl in her school’s team, who is struggling with an invisible disability. Adonis is the straight-A, straight-laced student with a physical disability. Though I did have some issues with the novel itself, it does a fairly good job of describing environmental factors that prevent children from being their own best selves. March by John Lewis, Andrew Aydin, and Nate Powell I first began reading this trilogy before Trump’s inauguration and decided to reserve the last book for a time when I felt I needed to replenish my sense of hope. Uh, due to certain news event, the time is now. The graphic novel details Congressman Lewis’s life and the larger topic of the Civil Rights Movement. Beautifully crafted, clear in its chronology of events and explicit in the very real difficulties of the time period, it’s a reminder of how the power of the collective can bring about radical, positive change. IN THE QUEUE (WHAT I’M READING NEXT) Difficult Women by Roxane Gay Is there really any reason to explain why I’m so pumped to read this? I pretty much consider Roxane Gay to be the moral compass of the nation, not to mention that the title of this short story collection could be my middle name and that of my friends. From what I gathered in her book launch in Chicago, it contains a lot of narratives surrounding sisters, broken marriages and the occasional revenge plot. I am here for it. Scratch: Writers, Money and the Art of Making a Living edited by Manjula Martin This collection of essays and interviews from accomplished authors tackles that big industry taboo: money. How do you get it? Cause inquiring minds and wallets want to know.

Importance Of Project Risk Management Project Management

Kevin Sanchez 07/30/2015 COSC 6390 Professor Yun Wan The Importance of Project Risk Management Project management has become a really important aspect that companies have started to take advantage to have success in their projects. Within project management, there are ten areas that are specific to different parts of a project, such as communications, time, scope, and cost. This paper will focus specifically on one, known as project risk management. The reason why this area was chosen is because this area focuses on the risks that can occur outside and within a project, and it is important for everyone to understand how they are able to use project risk management in an effective way, one example being how they can use the proper amount of resources and be able to save money that they can use on other future projects. This paper will begin by going over the definition of project risk management and what is involved. After that, the paper will present a scenario that a company was able to implement risk management after they were encountering problems, and at the end, I will pr esent my own thoughts on project risk management. To begin this paper, it is important to understand the meaning of project risk management and the various concepts that are involved in this knowledge area. The first part that companies should understand is the definition of the word risk. The term risk is defined as the potential of causing a negative effect on projects and cause delays. However,Show MoreRelatedis3110 project1391 Words   |  6 PagesProject Project: Risk Management Plan Purpose This project provides an opportunity to apply the competencies gained in the units of this course to develop a risk management plan for a specific business problem related to an organization’s identification of an outdated plan. Required Source Information and Tools The following tools and resources that will be needed to complete this project: ï‚ § Course textbook ï‚ § Internet access for research ï‚ § Defense Logistics Agency: www.dla.mil Learning ObjectivesRead MoreINF 410 Project Management1181 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿CLICK TO DOWNLOAD INF 410 Project Management Week 1 Discussion Question: Project Life Cycle. The four main elements of the project life cycle are defining, planning, executing and closing. Give an example of a task you performed on a project, either as a leader or team member, and identify what stage of the life cycle it was in and why. Describe if you felt the task was strategically important to the project and also the company. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings. DiscussionRead MoreRisks Management : Risk Management1144 Words   |  5 PagesRisk Management All projects are subject to the effects of uncertainty. The uncertainty creates the need for organizations to be aware of the many different types of risk they will be challenged with for the duration of the project. To understand the level of risk the organization must have a defined process for project risk management to include their risk appetite, risk tolerance and risk thresholds. Project Risk Management is the processes of conducting risk management planning, identificationRead MoreAnalysis Of Ibm s Six Sigma1170 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' INTRODUCTION Six Sigma is a business management strategy originally developed by Motorola, USA in 1981. As of 2010, it enjoys widespread application in many sectors of industry, although its application is not without controversy. Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimising variability in manufacturing and business processes. It uses a set of quality management methods, including statistical methods, and createsRead MoreRisk And A Form Of Linguistic Imperialism1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe term risk has been defined in so many ways by many scholars. The term ‘risk’ itself is very broad to interpret. However, risk is often defined as a threat and it usually brings negative impacts to a person or an organisation. Hansson (2005) claims that many attempts have been made to define risk in a single meaning and eliminate other definitions which are futile and a form of ‘linguistic imperialism’. Since there is no exact meaning of risk, people describe risk based on their own perceptionsRead MoreRisk Analysis Case Study Synaptic Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Risks Introduction: Synaptic is a bio technology company that uses a combination of both Information Management (IM) and biological research to develop drugs based on proteins and peptides. Synaptic is comprised of a large Information Management department which consists of multiple divisions within the department. Each division within the IM is in charge of communications and computer systems services, in particular research, manufacturing and infrastructure. The companyRead MoreProject Management : An Implementation Plan Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesrelates to project management especially within the construction industry. Project complexity is defined as consisting of many varied interrelated parts and can be operationalized in terms of differentiation and interdependence (Baccarini, 1996). The course established the fact that all projects do have some level of complexity. To be able to effectively identify the extent of complexity and to adequately plane for these complexities, one needs to get a clear understanding of what the project involvesRead MoreImportance of Project Management1533 Words   |  6 PagesProject Management Introduction Project management is one of the most important activities that companies develop. This is because their activity is divided into several projects in order to better manage their resources. This also allows them to improve their performance. In addition to this, companies use project management in order to increase the efficiency of their employees. By working in projects, employees can develop a series of skills that allow them to improve their work. ThereforeRead MoreThe Importance of Performing Close Out Activities Before Closing the Project and the Business Risks Associated with Skipping These Activities823 Words   |  4 PagesThe importance of performing close out activities before closing the project and the business risks associated with skipping these activities John Constance MSc in Project Management, University of Liverpool Week 5 Discussion Question Abstract Most projects are initiated, planned, executed and monitored and controlled with the full cognizant of executives and clients. However, once the project has been considered an overall success, a part from preparing and conducting opening eventRead MoreProject Management : Infamous Failures, Classic Mistakes, And Best Practices1093 Words   |  5 Pagesof Ryan Nelson s article. IT Project Management: Infamous Failures, Classic Mistakes, And Best Practices. MIS Quarterly Executive Vol. 6. No.2/June 2007 What is the pressing need to have project management in IT projects? Two out of the three IT projects fail to make the final cut. [1] This article not only elucidates the need for an appropriate project management team but also puts forth what can go wrong if the organization is oblivious to the project management processes. About 88% of the classic

Choosing Good Current Events Essay Topics 2016

Choosing Good Current Events Essay Topics 2016 In simple words consumer must pay more bucks of the exact same vehicle once the rate of interest is low. This age is extendable by no more than two decades. Sometimes higher interest rates have a tendency to depreciate the worth of money and reduced purchasing power. 10 days is the suggested time but deciding upon a shorter timeframe is likely to make your research skills standout. The Current Events Essay Topics 2016 Game Consider the event and that which you feel people ought to know about doing it. At this time you must support your opening statement. Pick one particular thing about the U.S. Constitution including its amendments that you believe ought to be changed. Finally, some question whether in the very long run democracy in the area is well worth the perils. You've got to compose an informative essay. However, it's vital to be reminded that the intention behind the essay is to communicate information. Argumentativ e writings is a particular kind of a paper. Since it's such a huge subject, you're going to want to narrow your paper down to a particular angle. You can be totally sure your paper is going to be delivered in time and be of the maximum quality. Look at these 21 topics to receive your paper started. If you're doing a present event paper in economics, make sure that you have enough research materials to help you compose the essay. Current Events Essay Topics 2016 - Is it a Scam? In truth, it meets an important criterion for selecting a topic that's freshness. Examining each side of the issue can aid your readers form their own opinions. The important thing before you begin asking about guides on how best to do a present event is picking a topic that you has a decent number of credible references. Leave their present-day dilemma of affair. The period dehumanization denotes the action of depriving a human of their natural rights or individual attributes. There are a lot of ways which you can go about understanding and eva luating these several elements of human life. One of the greatest strategies to change anybody's mind is with an emotional investment. There's likelihood to provide your opinion or that of different people and claim to be the reality. Your paper must be 100% original if you prefer to score excellent marks. The essay is designed to assess the competitor's capacity to synthesize and rate information and present it in an educated manner. The debut of the essay helps bring readers into the circumstance. In addition, we use it in order to boost reading comprehension for a number of our students. Quite often professors may provide you an option of selecting your idea. To compose a fantastic argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, which enables them to make an educated stance. Many students make the most of our title page generator. Current Events Essay Topics 2016 - Is it a Scam? Tuesday's World Events are 3 short news stories from all over the world. Visit has just published collection of earth. The website also gives tips on how best to establish whether resources are reliable or not. Individuals are sometimes not able to directly experience events and, thus, they need to depend on other means to supply the experience they're not able to obtain directly. Guidelines On How To Write A Current Events Essay A recent events paper is a quick description of an event that has lately happened or will happen. One of the greatest strate gies to study Sociology is through the interpretation and comprehension of current events in the specialty. Change occurs as a consequence of conflict between competing interests as opposed to through adaptation. Therefore, as a result of its popularity, it's important to understand the difference between original and reproduction of the many products. In the middle of Dalat is where you will locate the prime shopping and restaurant locations. Just take the opportunity to find out what you can do to help the youth of Native American families. For many students, the very first place to look will be the social networking outlet which you already use. It's likely you would like to earn a decent strong impact before presenting more evidence and details about your topic. From this info you ought to have a notion of the way to introduce it to the reader. Picking a suitable topic is an ideal place to begin with. Okay, now you have the fundamentals about how to select an informat ive essay topic, let's dig into some fantastic ideas! Your essay might incorporate the factors for teen pregnancy and talk about the present rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. Questions are located below the write-up. Topics for an argumentative essay is a sensitive issue which is certain to create a great deal of emotion on each side. I discovered this whole study to be somewhat interesting since I do work within this particular field so it's excellent to know as a manager what is likely to make my employees wish to remain with the organization. The media plays a huge part in the practice of social constructionism as it functions as a vital outlet for entertainment and data. If you're searching for a way to increase your distribution business or maybe to generate some additional revenue, a distribution business could be a means to fulfill your objectives.

The Life of John Lennon Free Essays

The Beatles was one of the greatest rock and roll bands that have infiltrated the music industry by storm. Their music have been a legacy throughout the history of music and the four members namely: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and George Harrison have all achieved the superstar celebrity status. In 1965, the accomplishments of the Beatles exceeded the expectations of Lennon because during this time they were able to conquer the US, UK and the whole world (Henke 4). We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of John Lennon or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then, later on 1968, The Beatles launched their own record company, Apple. They called it â€Å"Western Communism,† an effort to free themselves from the heavy hand of corporate domination, to gain autonomy for themselves as artist. They also hoped to bring promising artists into Apple and to make experimental music. At the beginning it seemed as if the Beatles might succeed. It also seemed as if Apple could easily deteriorate into the biggest institution of hip capitalism, in which the Beatles gained nothing except the profits from the sale of their records, profits that Capitol have previously held. Wiener 73) Among the four Beatles, Lennon’s life and achievements have been the most controversial. His beliefs, philosophies, music and experiences were able to mould him in becoming one of the most influential people in the world during his times. As a celebrity, he advocated many causes and disclosed many sentiments about politics. He said that the government does not represent the people, instead they control them (Coleman). Moreover, in an interview, Lennon disclosed that he is the â€Å"laziest person in England†¦ I don’t mind writing†¦ or speaking bust sex is the only physical thing that I can be bother with any more† (Cleave). However, Lennon’s life was cut short when he was assassinated by a fan on December 8, 1980. His killer, Mark David Chapman, was convicted of murder nd was given a sentence 20 years in prison. Chapman applied several times for parole but he was always declined by the New York State Board of Parole (CBS Interactive). How to cite The Life of John Lennon, Essays

Whale Huntingin Japan

Introduction It is normally the case that endeavors involve the harvesting of ocean resources, such as fish, clams, and a variety of crustaceans, to be done in order to fulfill a specific need. This justifies the consumption of various types of ocean resources since without them, a lot of societies all around the world dependent on daily supplies of this particular method of sustenance will starve as a result (Fox, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Whale Huntingin Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If there were no inherent need to supply populations with such resources, then the activity of harvesting various live animals from the sea could be meant as needless slaughter (Fears, 2009). It is based on this that Japanese continued whaling activities under the guise of â€Å"scientific research† can be categorized as a form of unnecessary killing since based on the research of Christian et al. (2008), Japanese population neither requires the large quantities of whale meat (500 whales per year) that are caught and sold nor does whale meat constitute a major part of the average Japanese citizen’s diet. The primary defense of the Japanese government, regarding the sale of whale meat within local markets, is that whale meat consumption is an integral part of Japanese culture. Such a defense is rather ambiguous given the aforementioned fact that most people in Japan have rarely, if ever, tasted or even seen whale meat. The main point of contention between Japan and other countries that condemn the act of hunting down whales is the method of justification utilized by the Japanese government which entails â€Å"scientific research† as the basis behind its activities of whale hunting. While such an excuse may be valid, if a few specimens are caught through internationally sanctioned actions each year in order to examine the current status of the species, the fac t remains the same that Japanese whaling ships often catch 500 or more whales annually. Such a number is far beyond what can normally be construed as â€Å"catching for the sake of scientific research† since 500 species taken at any one time in order to examine population rates and the general health of the species are inherently unjustifiable given the numbers involved. Based on this, it must be questioned whether the act of whaling, scientific or not, should be outright banned or justified based on traditional heritage and the concept of collecting scientific data. The act of whaling by the Japanese should be prevented since they do not own exclusive rights to whales and are subject to the concept of international joint ownership of marine species. Legal Principles Involved First and foremost, it must be noted that whaling itself is illegal as per the ratification of international treaties that specifically ban the harvesting of species that are vulnerable or endangered (St oett, 1997). Whaling for the purpose of scientific research, on the other hand, is allowed and utilized by Japanese whalers in conjunction with section 2 of Article VIII of the convention on whaling set by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) which specifically states that whales caught under special permits for scientific research should be processed and disposed of in a practical fashion that is in accordance with the directions given by the issuer of the permit.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What this means is that whalers who catch whales for â€Å"scientific research† are under the legal obligation to dispose the excess parts of the whale in a practical fashion. In this particular case, it involves selling whale meat. Thus, from a legal perspective, the act of selling whale meat gained through â€Å"scientific research† is perfectly lega l. While it is considered â€Å"legal† under such an approach, it must be questioned whether the â€Å"spirit of the law† (i.e. the main intent of the convention on international whaling) is followed or outright violated. From an ethical perspective, it can be seen that that spirit of the law is not followed by the Japanese government, and from a certain perspective, can be construed as an insult to other nations since the sanctity of following ratified treaties is the very basis of international law. When examining the basis of the treaty established by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in relation to the protection of the whale species it can be seen that the entirety of the document was meant to prevent all forms of commercial exploitation of a species whose populations have been deemed as vulnerable. The reason behind this is quite simple, even limited hunting of a particular subspecies of whale whose populations have increased (as seen in the case of the Minkie whale) still prevents whale populations as a whole from returning to their original numbers. Cultural Traditions and Scientific Research Vs International Joint Ownership In relation to the concept of violations of international law, the failure of the Japanese government to acknowledge joint ownership of ocean based resources by all nations within international waters comes. While Japan justifies the hunting of whales under the concepts of cultural traditions and scientific research, the country does not take into consideration the concept of international joint ownership of marine species (Stevenson, Gordon, Begun, 2000). A large percentage of the whales are hunted within international waters, as such the actions of the whalers are subject to review by other countries since their rights to the species are also violated by what is perceived as a unilateral action for hunting versus a multilateral consensus against it. Since Japan does not have exclusive ownership over marine species within international waters, the government of the country has no choice but to acknowledge international consensus, regarding proper harvesting practices (Yannacopolou, 2011). While Japan may justify the hunting of whales under aspects related to cultural traditions and scientific research, the fact remains that since Japan is part of an international community, it has to follow the various rules and regulations that enable peaceful relations between countries, regardless of their potential impact on cultural values and scientific knowledge. This is the basis on which all states interact with one another with constant violations of such unspoken rules, often resulting in condemnation and isolation as seen in the case of North Korea. It must also be noted that the hunting of various whale species by Japan is not the first instance where Japan has entirely discounted the concept of the joint ownership of species, for example, the population of Blue Fin Tuna which is consider ed a cultural delicacy in Japan has been declining as of late due to excessive over consumption of which 90% is attributed to Japan.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Whale Huntingin Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The problem is that the Japanese have once again used the excuse of culture and tradition as the basis for their continued hunting of the species despite evidence showing that the populations are nearing a critical level wherein they will no longer be able to become a sustainable food source. Interestingly enough, despite the sheer amount of data shown by a variety of marine biologists from different countries showing the obvious decline of the species, data from Japan’s own scientific institutions shows that the populations are stable and continue to be a viable food source. Such an argument is almost similar to the one used by Japan regarding the current populations of whales. T aking this into consideration, it can be assumed that some form of falsification of data is currently being utilized in order to justify actions which are clearly in violation of the shared rights of all nations. Emotion versus Scientific Data The final argument of Japan in justifying its practice states that the whale species that whalers â€Å"scientifically capture† in fact have sustainable populations (such as the Minkie whale which has a population consisting of 300,000) and that the basis for the ban on whaling is an emotional rather than a scientific response based on clear population estimates (Whaling, 2009). The inherent problem with such a statement is that while it may be true that 300,000 species seem like a sustainable number, the fact is that whale population numbers 300,000 species still places Minkie whales on the vulnerable species list. From a certain perspective it can be stated that Japan does have a point in that the basis behind the current ideas behind the protection of whales has its roots in emotions derived from popular culture sentiments and the way in which whales have been portrayed by the media. Yet, what must be understood is that such sentiments exist for a variety of species in the world such as the Bald Headed Eagle in the U.S., Giant Pandas in China, the Monkey Eating Eagle in the Philippines and an assortment of other creatures that are either vulnerable or endangered. This sentiment is born out of a distinct appreciation of the beauty of nature and the fragility of life and even Japan has a similar form of sentiment regarding the rare Hokkaido deer. Even if such species are neither used as food sources nor are they valuable in terms of any medicinal qualities, their rarity and fragility creates a distinctive emotional feeling of attachment and guilt over the impact of humanity’s activities on nature and the necessity of protecting such creatures. The same feeling is attributed to whales by a vast majority of nations wherein they are viewed as a majestic wonder of nature that creates awe and fascination as well as the desire to protect a species that has been impacted by humanity’s activities.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, even if scientific data says that the population of whales is in fact increasing it is likely that most of the world would still choose to protect the species. It is this particular aspect of the argument to protect whales that Japan fails to recognize since in its opinion it is protecting its own cultural tradition when in reality the country is slowly but surely vilifying itself in the eyes of the international population due to its continued hunting of a species that many view as beautiful and majestic. Understanding the Basis of Why Japanese Society Condones the Hunting of Whales The reason why Japanese society condones the act of whaling even to the point that it clearly violates international norms and angers other nations is due to the fact that the ethos of whaling hunting as a part of Japanese culture has been firmly promoted by numerous groups. An examination of the historical nature of ethos has shown that in one way or another despite the apparent ethical appear ance of a certain type of ethos there is always an underlying reason behind its creation which does in fact create a beneficial effect for the individuals that created it. This can be seen in the case of the Japanese whaling industry who promotes the sale of whale meat as being part of the cultural tradition of the country. Furthermore, it must be noted that ethos is not something that is inherent but rather something that has been created and manufactured with a surface image in order to fulfill a particular purpose. It is often utilized as a method of convincing people or justifying a particular set of actions and as such it is crafted in such a way so as to be convincing, believable and thus adaptable. For example when ordering someone to go into battle you do not tell them that the possibility of them dying is high rather you tell them to fight for national pride, democracy, freedom etc., even though the fact of the matter is that person will most likely die. In a sense ethos is a device utilized in order to manipulate public perception regarding truth in such a way that it promotes a particular idea on the basis of the common good but in fact it was created in order to carry out a particular action. When examining such facets of ethos and comparing it to the attitude of Japanese society in relation to whale hunting it becomes obvious that there is a group behind the proliferation of the ethos of whale hunting as an important aspect of Japan’s cultural heritage when in fact it clearly is not. What must be understood is that Ethos can also refer to the way in which a person portrays themselves in an argument, in a sense that it is a method in which persuaders present an â€Å"image† to people that they are attempting to persuade. This particular â€Å"image† refers to a persuaders â€Å"character† in the sense that a person is attempting to persuade another person of the righteousness of their statements based on their inherent c haracter. In the case of ethos it is a form of â€Å"artifice†, meaning that is created, manufactured, made, constructed etc. It can be considered a type of surface image which may in fact have an entirely fictitious relationship to what is actually true. Thus, the â€Å"image† in this particular case is one which upholds cultural tradition when in reality it is merely more profit. Conclusion Based on the various arguments and facts presented, it can be seen that Japan has a flimsy excuse for justifying its actions and, as such, the act of whaling by the Japanese should be prevented since they do not own exclusive rights to whales and are subject to the concept of international joint ownership of marine species. While it may be true that whales are edible, the fact remains that their current numbers are nowhere near adequate and call for proper protection and prevention from harvesting until such their populations grow to be stable. Reference List Christian, C,Peranio, K, Contreras, J., Kushe.r, A., Braiker, B. McNicoll, T. (2008). Ecopolitics:why japan risks its place in the world to hunt whales. Newsweek International, 121. Retrieved from www.EBSCOhost.com Fears, N. (2009). Examining the claims of modern whalers: are there arguments for whaling. Brighthub, 1. Retrieved from www.brighthub.com Fox, M. (2002). The inuit case for whaling. BBC New World Edition. Retrieved from www.EBSCOhost.com Stevenson, S., Gordon, D., Begun, B. (2000).Plotting a Strategy for Slaughter. Newsweek, 135(10), 8. Retrieved from www.EBSCOhost.com Stoett, P. (1997). The international politics of whaling.Vancouver: UBS Press, 1997. Retrieved from www.EBSCOhost.com Whaling (2009). Whaling campaigners aim to cut Japan’s hunting fleet. Daily Mail.p. 25. Retrieved from www.EBSCOhost.com Yannacopolou, B. (2011). Targeting the whale hunters: On patrol with the sea shepherd. Ecologist Magazine, 36(2), 12. Retrieved from www.EBSCOhost.com This research paper on Whale Huntingin Japan was written and submitted by user Jeremiah Todd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Greatness of Corporate Soul Essays - Virtue, Nicomachean Ethics

The Greatness of Corporate Soul Essays - Virtue, Nicomachean Ethics Bus 102 Sec 022 The Greatness of Corporate Soul In the article The Greatness of Corporate Soul, the author suggests that business enterprises are looking for a paradigm of the market economy that both achieve intellectual and practical authenticity of the corporation's purpose. In order to understand greatness of soul, we should first understand Aristotles conception of virtue itself. According to Aristotle, there are two classes of virtues. There are intellectual and character virtues. It is certain that Aristotles virtues was widely recognized by the people from Aristotles period to present. A companys greatness can be both financially or philosophically or both. This essay includes essential informations that reveals how greatness driven by superior expertise can help households, small businesses, and multinational corporations to exceed their potentials and lead to success. If an employee in the company can make commitment to hard work and have perpetual endurance for his/her tasks, the likelihood of them succeeding in the co mpany is very high. Not only does these ingredients move cooperations toward greatness, but also help to promote a healthier environment for the society. The idea of greatness requires discipline of perseverance. The foundation of business are closely related to social,behavioral and management science. According to Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics, the standards for corporation to success are not fully based on building prestige and honor but rather to have a strong integrity of character of management decisions in order to perpetual vitality of the firm. This kind of standard is the paradigm of a successful management and should be adopt by all corporations. In essay one, the author suggests that the political and economic system that support the idea of greatness is capitalism. However, capitalism is not simply just the definition of wealth and resources but is infused deeply within the social contract. The social contract is a theory addresses the questions of the origin of our soc iety and authority of the state over the individual. Today in our society, there are many mechanisms available to managers to maintain their high ethicality in their organization. examples can be ethics-oriented management and ethics training. We can make use of such mechanisms to make corporation stronger both financially and ethically. Greatness of soul is a type of virtue of character which requires the owner to have intellectual virtue. Greatness of soul is closely related to generosity. Since the great souled person has the correct view of value, external goods are often seem to be not the first priority when they think about management. External goods without virtue is not acceptable because those goods are not earned based on ethics guideline. Only the good person deserves glory and honor. Also, the great-souled person does not really care about everything. A person with greatness of soul will not even care even for honor because the desire for external good is weak and thus he will not have the motivation to perform despicable actions. Overall, the greatness of soul make the virtues greater. The author believes that all virtues are closely related to each other, there are always connections amongst any virtues. This is because things will not occur in isolation with other things. Aristotles purpose of showing the idea of the greatness of soul is to teach us how to distinguish the promise of human. There are many great companies around the globe who already have adopted the idea of corporate soul. Understand greatness is the key for a company to establish effective management systems that can utilize their resources to fairly serve the society. In order to understand greatness of soul, we should first understand Aristotles conception of virtue itself. The idea of greatness requires discipline of perseverance. Not only does these ingredients move cooperations toward greatness, but also help to promote a healthier environment for the society. Understand greatness is the key for a company to establish effective management systems that can utilize their resources to fairly serve the society.

Choosing a Chinese Name by Number of Strokes

Choosing a Chinese Name by Number of Strokes The art of choosing a Chinese name takes several things into consideration, such as the meanings of the characters, the elements they represent, and the number of strokes. When all of these factors are combined in a harmonious fashion, the result is an auspicious name that will bring good fortune to the bearer. Chinese characters are defined as either Yin or Yang depending on their number of strokes. Strokes are the individual pen movements that are required to draw a character. For example, the character ä º º (person) has two strokes, and the character Ã¥ ¤ © (heaven) has four strokes. Characters which have an even number of strokes are considered Yin, and characters with an odd number of strokes are Yang. The Chinese Name - Zhong Ge A Chinese name usually has three characters – the family name (a single character) and the given name (two characters). The family name is called tiÄ n gà © (Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦   ¼) and the given name is called dà ¬ gà © (Ã¥Å" °Ã¦   ¼). There is also the rà ©n gà © (ä º ºÃ¦   ¼) which is the family name and the first character of the given name. The name in total is called the zhÃ… ng gà © (Ã¥ ¿  Ã¦   ¼). The total number of strokes of the zhÃ… ng gà © should equal 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 23, 25, 29, 31, 32, 33, 37, 39, 45, 47, 48, 52, 63, 65, 67, 68, 73, or 81. In addition to the number of strokes, the Chinese name must be balanced in terms of Yin and Yang. The characters of the name should match one of these patterns: Yang Yang YinYin Yin YangYang Yin YinYin Yang Yang When considering whether the family name (tiÄ n gà ©) is Yin or Yang, the number of strokes is always increased by one.

Batting Biofilms Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Batting Biofilms - Assignment Example If genes which are responsible for the formation of these adhering protein molecules are deleted the bacteria are unable to form biofilms. However, it is now proved that bacteria form biofilms after communicating with each other through signal molecules, for e.g. in P. aeruginosa the relevant signaling molecules are acylated homoserine lactones which each cell produces at a low level, when enough cells assemble the concentration of these compounds increases which in turn trigger the activation of certain genes, the mechanism is known as quorum sensing, which is critical for the formation of biofilms. Since biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa is responsible for causing cystic fibrosis pneumonia, i.e. they turn virulent (disease causing). algC gene is responsible to synthesize alginate, the gelatinous polymer that makes extracellular matrix. Thus, signaling molecules to control the genes that code for virulence. During stage 1 when the bacterial cells move or swim freely and arrange themselves in cluster in order to form a biofilm; Attack strategy is employed that coats the molecules and block or disrupt microbial arrangement or attachment. During stage 2- when the collected cells begin producing a gooey matrix; Attack strategy is employed which coat the surfaces with substances that interfere with the matrix production so that film is not formed. During stage 4- when chemical gradient arise and promote the coexistence of diverse species and metabolic states; Attack strategy is employed which delivers multiple antibiotics or disinfectants to undermine the varied survival strategies of biofilm cells. Microbiologists took a very long time to size up the microbes in the biofilm. Since the establishment of germ theory, in the late 19th century by Robert Koch, bacteria were envisioned as single cells that float or swim through some kind of watery

After the American revolution conflicts between the North and South Essay

After the American revolution conflicts between the North and South - Essay Example The southern states majorly depended on cotton growing as their main source of revenue. There, however, existed a range of factories in the north of which most were agriculture based, as grain processing. The economy of the north was diverse with several other factories, apart from agriculture based. The southern states had slavery as the source of labor in their plantations (Jordan xii). This was among the issues that exacerbated the south with their northern counterparts. While the southern plantation owners embraced slavery, the north had it declared as an odd institution. The north and south had divergent economic interests. This difference possibly triggered the enmity that, among other factors, promoted the civil war. There was a notable difference in the labor forces between the north and south. The north consisted of a majority of skilled workers that made the labor market competitive while the south mainly used semiskilled and manual labor. There were high tariffs in the north, contrary to the south where there were low tariffs. The high tariffs shielded to the industries in the north from competition. The north and south had differences including their locations of land in the continent. While the northern states fall in the northern hemisphere, the southern states have their situation in the southern hemisphere. The demographics of the north and south showed explicit differences. The northern population was higher than the southern given the surge of people in the north, who worked in the factories. The immigration, therefore, escalated the population of the north. Differences over land issues were among the significant causes of the historic civil war. The union states (from the north) wanted their southern counterparts (confederate states) to surrender their large plantations for the building of industries and factories. The southern states, however, were reluctant to give in to such forces. This triggered a land conflict between the north and

Voice Disorders in Child Communication

Voice Disorders in Child Communication Voice disorders are the most fairly common communication disorder in children.   Voice disorders can be developed throughout the lifespan of an individual.   Currently around 7% to 9% of children develop a voice disorder.   Voice disorders can be characterised by hoarseness, occasional loss of voice, vocal fatigue and unusually low or high pitch. Voice disorders are generally classified as: Vocal abuse Neurogenic disorders Psychogenic disorders Alaryngeal communication They are often associated with: Lots of screaming and yelling; Recurrent infections of the upper airway; Reflux Different subtypes: Vocal Cord Paralysis Vocal Cord Nodules and Polyps Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement Spasmodic Dysphonia References: Justice, L. (2006). Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction (1st ed., pp. Chp 11.14-23). New Jersey: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall. Voice Fact Sheets. (2016). Speechpathologyaustralia.org.au. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from http://www.speechpathologyaustralia.org.au/spaweb/Document_Management/Public/Fact_Sheets.aspx#anchor_voice A Speech Pathologists role in working with a child who has a voice disorder is to treat them.   Speech pathologists treat children with a voice disorder through common treatments such as vocal techniques, therapies, and work in conjunction with teachers and Ear, Nose and Throat doctors to help a child produce the best possible speech quality and normal vocal sound production. Assessment of voice disorders: †¢ Voice quality can be screened, (evaluation of vocal characteristics) †¢ A comprehensive assessment is conducted for children suspected of having a voice disorder, using both standardized and nonstandardized measures. †¢ Disorders that relate to the structure and function are physical characteristics that must be diagnosed by a physician (ear nose and throat doctor specialist (ENT)) Reference: BuildnCare Therapy,. (2017). Retrieved from http://buildncare.com/speech-therapy/ Voice Fact Sheets. (2016). Speechpathologyaustralia.org.au. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from http://www.speechpathologyaustralia.org.au/spaweb/Document_Management/Public/Fact_Sheets.aspx#anchor_voice The International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) is the best framework to use to understand and asses the impact that a voice disorder has on a childs quality of life.   As it covers all aspects of an individuals life that a voice disorder may impact. By using an internationally recognised model that consists of; à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± Body Functions and Structures à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± Activity and Participation à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± Environmental Factors. à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± Personal Factors References: 1st day as an english teacher,. (2013). Retrieved from http://1st-day-as-an-english-teacher.blogspot.com.au/2013/02/how-to-teach-kids-to-not-talk-during.html Rebecca is a 9 year old girl who has an outgoing, loud, bubbly personality. Rebecca loves to sing and act and is the lead in both her school choir and drama group.   At a weekly rehearsal with her choir group Rebecca began to experience frequent coughing and clearing of her throat. Her choir teacher suggest that Rebecca should go visit the school speech pathologist.   After her session with the school speech pathologist Rebecca was diagnosed with Vocal Cord Nodules which is benign growths on both her vocal cords. Rebecca is now receiving treatment to correct the behaviour that was causing the problem.   As a result Rebecca can no longer for the time being be the lead in her school choir and drama club and as a result cannot perform in the yearly singing under the moonlight concert. Rebecca now also find it difficult to verbally communicate as she experiences discomfort which has lead to her spending no time with her friends who are all part of the drama or choir group. This has lead to Rebecca feeling lonely and left out as she is unable to effectively participate in her groups.    Body Functions and Structures †¢ Diagnosed with vocal nodules due to vocal abuse †¢ Rough vocal quality Activities and Participation †¢ Unable to perform for longer than 2 minutes without vocal discomfort †¢ Not able to fully participate in choir and drama club †¢ Unable to perform lead role in concert †¢ Reduced ability to talk due to discomfort Environmental and Personal Factors †¢Age:9 †¢School girl singer and actor †¢Talkative and outgoing person References: Australian girls choir,. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.ausgirlschoir.com.au/About-agc/Latest-News/2012/AGC-National-Tour

Corrections Trend Evaluation Essay

This paper explains the many trends in the public and institutional criminal justice system. These trends, starting from the past, push the research into the present and future with the implementation of continuing trends and perspective ideations to aid in the progress and advancement of criminal procedures. This paper starts with the history of community and commercial criminal justice and attaches the proceedings to the present-day standing. This paper also shows an idealistic and theoretical analogy of how the criminal justice system may look in the future based on current trends. Past Trends Stories mentioning jails are throughout history even back to biblical times, however, America did not have an official penitentiary until 1790 at which time Philadelphia constructed the Walnut Street Jail. It was during this time that the root word of penitentiary took on its new form. Prisoners in early times were sent with the aim of the punishment in the form of penance, thus with any luck resulting in purity of personal reform. Inmates are kept in single cell units at all-times, even for meals. Recreation was not an option. In the rare event, that an inmate did leave the cell, a mask, or hood is required (Johnson & Dobrzanska, 2005). The goal is to lead a monk style life, thus providing a Bible to all inmates is mandatory, and it is a hope that the offenders would spend their sentences preparing to live law-abiding lives as governed by God’s word, following their release. This type of containment for inmate is known as the separate system. On the flipside of the separate system is the congregate system, and the first notation of its use, is by the Auburn Prison (Johnson & Dobrzanska, 2005). Prisoners still lived a life of confinement while in their cell, but with this system, they coexist with other inmates for work and meals. Although this is a change, inmates never speak a word and many recall the only sound coming from workshops within the prison and the marching of inmates (Johnson & Dobrzanska, 2005). Present Trends Much has changed following the days when inmates donned masks or hoods just to walk down a corridor within prisons walls. Prior to the 1960s, both the public and the courts developed a â€Å"hands off policy† toward the conditions and practices within criminal facilities (Martin, & Katsampes, 2007). The reasoning behind this was a notion that correctional administrators knew how to best control both inmates and correctional facilities. However, during the 1960s and the 1970s, while people outside were rallying for civil rights of different groups of people, inmates were inside prisons rallying for prisoners rights. At this point, the criminal justice system and treatment of inmates take a poignant turn in history. The decision of the courts allowed the trend to move from inmates living a monk style lifestyle to inmates who currently have access to courts, counsel, mail, more choices for reading material and libraries, medical care, food services, recreation, exercise, and due process. Because of this society now, see’s correctional facilities were inmates coexist around other inmates, as well as seeing inmates legally counseling other inmates in their cases as well as appealing and representing themselves in court. We have TV crews going into facilities and providing the public with firsthand accounts of life within the jails. However with the changes come downfalls in the goals for incarceration. No longer is the goal one of penance, it has since changed to a goal of punishment. The focus is holding an offender accountable for illegal acts as well as a means to discourage offenders from committing future criminal acts, and with any luck discourage others in communities from following in the same tracks as current inmates. Because of this trend, the judicial systems as well as correctional facilities have increased to a level of concern. Another unfortunate outcome of the changing of times comes the changing of the importance behind rehabilitation. According to Martin, and Katsampes (2007), rehabilitation, and reintegration rank as secondary goals. Noted, especially for this theory are the jails, as they do not attempt to provide inmates with opportunities for self-help or change to deter future criminal behavior. Luckily, community-based corrections are stepping up to assist in the rehabilitation of offenders. Programs such as community-based centers are offering their assistance in reintegrating inmates back into society. These types of centers operate within a private sector and offer assistance in areas, such as returning to school for finding employment as well as enrolling the participants into classes such as cognitive self-changing classes, parenting classes as well as drug and alcohol programs. Another example of community-based corrections focuses on alleviating the overcrowding issues seen within the correctional facilities. These programs encompass opportunities such as bail supervision programs, community service orders, work-release centers, electronic monitoring, probation, or other alternative measure programs (John Howard Society of Alberta, 1998). Each of these community-based correctional programs poses significant benefits to alleviating the correctional facilities problem with them experiencing just too many inmates. The bail supervision programs release the offender to a member of the community, while that person is awaiting trial. This program not only holds the offender accountable for not screwing up while awaiting trial, it also holds someone else accountable for those people’s actions as well. Many times this takes place in the form of bail or following the release of an offender on recognizance also known as RoR. Community service is another fine example of the serving of punishment. This program allows offenders to give back to the community by means of working within the community. Many times community service takes place at a local store such as the Youth Ranch, other times it will be strictly with the city or county, doing things such as working at the local landfill, or cleaning court offices and other associated buildings. Offenders in this program, report at a scheduled time to the jail and receive their daily work assignment, form that point until the remainder of their day, they work under the supervision of the jail staff. Work release centers offer the opportunity for inmates to leave the facility to fulfill work schedules obtained prior to sentencing. Most inmates must pay a higher fee for this opportunity but can have someone approved by the facility to transport the inmate to and from work, however, the inmates are also subject to random checks by authorities to ensure they are accounted for at all times. Future Trends and Issues As time continues to evolve, the judicial system is bound to encounter the continuation of trends as society is beginning to see in both past and present times. It impossible for one to say what will or will not happen to the future correctional facilities, but through monitoring of the past, one can begin to see a devastating trend form. By removing the rehabilitation aspect and imposing the punishment aspect, the system continues to enable the cycle, thus bringing it to the point it is today. Research suggests that the trends both courts and facilities will face include that of continued prison growth as well as the potential for early release patterns (The Sentencing Project, n.d.). By the courts handing down sentences strictly for a punishment reason, they are enabling the continuation of a growth that already exceeds maximum capacity within the facilities. A suggestion to combat this scenario and alleviate the congestion within the facilities is to take advantage of the community-based programs available for offenders who do not pose a significant threat to themselves, or to society. The punishment aspect of the crime is satisfied by the courts and the chances of rehabilitation are greater in this case than they would be, compared to taking advantage of the smaller programs available while in jail. This scenario plays on with the second possible trend that if offenders are still sent to the correctional facilities, not only will the continuation of over crowdedness still be in place but also eventually something will have to take place to correct it. The something will have to include releasing certain inmates earlier than intended by the courts, thus risking the safety of not only others in society but also the released inmates, and increasing the possibility of recidivism. Conclusion This paper covers many trends in the public and institutional criminal justice system. These trends, starting from the past, push the research into the present and future with the implementation of continuing trends and perspective ideations to aid in the progress and advancement of criminal procedures. The first section of this paper covers the history of the commercial criminal justice and follows it up through the present-day. Finally, the paper details through logic how the criminal justice system may look in the future based on the current trends already set in motion. References John Howard Society of Alberta. (1998). Community Corrections. Retrieved from http://www.johnhoward.ab.ca/pub/C29.htm Johnson, R., Dobrzanska, A., and Palla, S. (2005). The American prison in historical perspective. Retrieved from http://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763729043/Chapter_02.pdf Martin, M., & Katsampes, P. (2007). Sheriff’s guide to effective jail operations. Retrieved from http://static.nicic.gov/Library/021925.pdf The Sentencing Project. (n.d.). U.S. prison population: Trends and implications. Retrieved from http://www.prisonpolicy.org/scans/sp/1044.pdf

Book Review on Insurgency Terrorism by Bard ONeill

Introduction This is a comprehensive analysis that compares insurgencies and terrorists movements of post Second World War II and in our times. O’Neill begins this book by looking at post world war II insurgencies that have emerged which are related to terrorism and guerilla wars. He analyzes the nature of insurgency, tactics used in these guerilla wars both military and political â€Å"these so called small wars, which can be found on all continents, are often very costly and frequently involve major interest of regional and global powers,†1, and makes us understand both physical and human environment of these organizations and how they have shaped the modern day world. This analysis also makes us understand the role of external support and how it can influence and change the course of wars. Dr.O’Neill makes us understand that insurgency is not a modern day problem but, it has been there before even in Roman times. He says that these insurgencies have jumped from just under two hundred terrorist incidences to over eight hundred terrorist violence that have cost lives of millions of people all this for struggle of power to control interest   of few people. â€Å"Most of these insurgents were the handiwork of insurgents groups seeking to achieve a variety of objectives,†2. Dr.O’Neill makes us make us to draw helpful conclusions that there is great difference between freedom fighting and terrorism. Freedom fighting involves struggle to attain something   while terrorism is a means to get an objective done and concluded at any cost, while also a freedom fighter can also use tactics used by terrorist to achieve their goals also. The driving factor for many insurgencies use to determine their strategies in fighting are both physical and human environment around the base zones and the reactions that emerge from their surrounding environment   and government response as a result of their actions. As a result of these responses, they develop a way to counter insurgence of these reactions which greatly aids them in effecting their operations. â€Å"Accordingly Moscow and Beijing extended moral, political and material support to both â€Å"progressive governments† and Marxist insurgents in the Third world. the underlying assumption behind support to various insurgents was that deplorable economic conditions in may many of the new nations were the products of imperialist insurgent exploitation by western nations, and this made insurgent leaders allies to western communist bloc,3.† Dr.O’Neill covers the terrorist movement that have occurred in   Afghanistan , Iraq Iran china Sudan, Philippines , Burma Nigeria Saudi Arabia and elsewhere some as a result of regional conflicts and minerals and highlights on some of the tactics used   by Insurgent groups like Al Qaida and Marxist regimes both in Angola and Philippines and how these insurgent groups have gone achieve their objectives and  Ã‚   goals through acquiring popular support causes and effects disunity   among its supporters and   leads to increased support   from some of their   allies   like U.S to special forces   so as to protect their allies national interest , security and those of their friends too and consequently win the war   as a result of ideas   designed   win the war and interest of their friends too. â€Å"The direct and indirect involvement of Washington, Moscow and Beijing in Third world insurgencies led to many to conclude that   the East-West struggle was being waged through proxies in less developed nations†,5. Dr.O’Neill brings the idea of political campaigns through which political insurgents promotes to serve their interest and bar the idea of differentiating friends from foes so as to serve and achieve their goals This idea serves to their advantage as it does not differentiate or separate insurgents from the majority population as the assumption is that the insurgents are minority and therefore makes it hard to separate them from the vast population and serve their interest. We also understand that many insurgencies do survive through external support from ally states or other insurgent groups. This method makes us understand that to what these external supports can bring as a consequence from these insurgents and their motives of their allies or the disparity they bring among countries. This book also makes us understand why these insurgents fail   because of their techniques they use which are non essential and often biased and out of carelessness due to bias and anger, as most insurgents are supported to accomplish a mission or interest of a certain group which are rigid and unfocused   ideologies and mistaken counterinsurgency strategies. O’Neill discusses historical examples of Spanish guerilla movement which aims to battle out Napoleon’s invasion to Spain. He also demonstrates out how this guerilla movement uses popular support of its citizens to gain support of its people and how they are conquered. He also discuses about the rise of south American insurgence particularly the rise of Cuba revolution which makes United States to increase its control over Cuban and other south American insurgencies. â€Å"The united states began extensive training and   advisory efforts   to shore up Latin American regimes increasingly threatened by Marxist insurgents in wake up of Cuban revolution,5†. As a student, the value of this book lies mostly in providing a student with a revolution of how warfare and insurgencies’ have shaped the modern day world with which we have continued to analyze insurgencies and terrorist activities. O’Neill also provides a student with a picture whether a fighting man or a student with an outline through which we have continued to analyze insurgencies, past , future and present. It also shows us that these insurgencies are likely to be the key level of conflict development in future as he illustrates, â€Å"the political community consists of those who interact on regular basis in the process of making and executing of binding decisions. These interactions may consist of active participation in policy process or simply acceptance of decisions†13,† this explains to us the most likely cause of future disputes that may result in rise of insurgence as a result of dictatorial decisions which may be less comprehending. O’Neill also revisits revolutionary theories of war like Lenin’s theories of Mao guerilla war strategies which shows us the real picture of evolution of China and other major Asian powers of the modern day and how these revolutions shaped today’s major powers. As we see most of O’Neill’s   observation have come to pass in modern times like Invasion of   Iraq , due to long standing difference in political ideology on terrorism and dictatorship which have led to unending and very expensive wars I our modern times. As readers, we get the scope that O’Neill presents us with a view of looking at the current challenges facing counter insurgency and anti-terrorism policy. We conclude that one of the most effective ways of dealing with internal terrorism and emerging urban guerrilla’s attacks against internal forces is by highlighting police work, good intelligence, and putting in place sanctions that will hinder movement of these insurgence groups from growing. Intelligence agencies are also the main instruments of getting information about their movements and combating global terrorism. In today’s day world, global terrorism relies mostly on police cooperation and intelligence sharing about terrorism activities. A observed in various cases, the focus of successful counter guerilla forces relies on small-unit operations that ambushes and counter attacks in guerilla infested zones, ‘’128’’.He also suggests that, key issues in analyzing the solutions th e solutions within view points of collective expectations and the roles of both civil military players defined and addressed so as every player to play their roles effectively. In the final pages of the book, O’Neill tries to show out a comprehensive picture through which a government can vies its adversary and   decision makers a successful counterinsurgency operations and best tackle and defeat its enemy. He also advices us to take caution and avoid being polemic and shortsighted which can hinder us to tackle issues successfully and   bring change to our lives rather than going for dangerous decisions that can hinder development and can cost in the end. He also provides a credible and realistic view which can create effective countermeasure insurgent groups promote that can lead to endanger the lives of many as a result of interest of few people in society. Notes O’Neill, Bard. Insurgency terrorism: inside modern revolutionary warfare. (Herden, Virginia: Bradssey’s Inc, 1990).p 1. Bard, 1990, 2. Bard, 1990, 3. Bard, 1990, 5 Bard, 1990, 13 Bard, 1990,128 Bibliography Bard, ONeill. Insurgency terrorism: inside modern revolutionary warfare .Herden, Virginia:    Bradssey’s Inc, 1990.

Buildup of Emotions and Lack of Communication A Perfect...

The human mind, only able to withstand so much pressure before losing control, is like a volcano. The harsh truths that accumulate throughout the course of one’s life can lead to devastation, the eruption of the mind’s volcano. American twentieth century author, J.D. Salinger, illustrates the devastating consequences caused by a buildup of emotions and a lack of communication in his short story, â€Å"A Perfect Day for Bananafish.† Salinger â€Å"has become, in biographer Ian Hamiltons phrase, ‘famous for not wanting to be famous’ † (Stevick). In this short story, Salinger details the interactions of the main character, Seymour Glass, with Sybil Carpenter, a young girl. Through these interactions, Salinger provides the reader with a glimpse into†¦show more content†¦However, Muriel fails to truly understand her husband’s motives, perhaps playing a role in his demise. Seymour seeks shelter, for his â€Å"war experiences have le ft him so badly shaken that he searches for some form of purity in what he sees as a dangerous and corrupt world† (â€Å"Overview: ‘A Perfect Day for Bananafish.’ †). Unbeknown to the individuals surrounding him, Seymour yearns for refuge from the painful truths of society. By using the sun as a symbol for materialism, Salinger highlights the detriments of being immersed in a materialistic world with nowhere to turn. Salinger also uses the bananafish as a symbol for Seymour’s internal emotional struggle to suggest the harsh consequences resulting from a buildup of emotions. The story of the bananafish, which Seymour communicates to Sybil, shares a striking resemblance to Seymour’s emotional and social situation. The bananafish ultimately succumbs to a death resulting from eating too many bananas and therefore being too large to escape the banana hole. Seymour tells Sybil, â€Å"Naturally, after that theyre so fat they cant get out of the hole again. Cant fit through the door† (Salinger 8). Similarly, Seymour, overwhelmed by the jarring reality of life and plagued by feelings of wretched dejection and isolation, becomes unable to escape his situation. Salinger’s use of symbolism is important because, as Fassano writes, â€Å"If he [Seymour] represents the bananafish, then his case of banana fever must be caused by the