Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Marital rights or partial immunity? Essay

The rape within marriage was not a crime and this principle had stood for centuries until 1992. In the case of R ([1991] 2 All ER 257) the rape within marriage was constituted as a serious crime. Before it became a law it was place for debates and Professor Glanville Williams had given his proposals how the law should be changed on this topic. The current article of the author of Helen Fenwick, who is a lecturer in law at the University of Durham, explains why Prof. Williams proposals are not suitable to be a law and secondly, he considers the effect if Prof. Williams suggestions would have been approved. The article is comprehensive and every argument has decent backup, except one thing that author do not even try to identify merits of Prof. Williams proposals. The marital rights and partial immunity, according to Prof. Williams is important measure. It indicates that offence of rape is somehow different according by who is made. If it was made by to victim known person like cohabitee, husband, ex-cohabitee or ex-husband it should get lesser sentence than rape by stranger. Also it is suggested that domestic rape would be classified as assault and not as rape or indecent offence, because it is less harmful to the victim to be raped by husband than a stranger, and cohabitee or husband should get lesser sentence than stranger. Secondly, according to Prof. Williams all rapist can be put in two groups: present and former husbands and cohabitees on first instance and on second strangers and as I mentioned above Prof. Williams suggests that the former group should be treated more leniently, because its less horrific to the victim and strangers rapist is more dangerous to society. Helen Fenwick is very sceptic about these suggestions, he uses number of arguments, examples in order to prove it. Author does not support marital rights neither partial rights on the subject of domestic rape. In the first place, Fenwick denies merits of using ‘categorisation of rapists’ and uses very one sided examples of domestic rape, husband, and stranger rapists. Author has intention to show that domestic rape can be worse than stranger rape, because of the future consequence. Secondly, Fenwick is against ‘Re-Labelling of All Domestic Crimes’, he argues that it would bring anomalies and injustice and he is right because it requires major changes in domestic offences. Furthermore, author declares that provocation hardly can be working with rape offence, because a husband or cohabitee, who rapes unfaithful wife should be given some allowance. But on the other hand â€Å"Why not to extend such consideration to the distraught husband who beats up his unfai thful wife?†. In the end Fenwick talks about ‘Cohabitation as a mitigating factor in rape’. Author is against this assumption, because husband can be accused of rape, but sentenced on a different scale than stranger. There are some problems however, with Fenwick argument and his overall looking into Professors Glanville Williams articles. It seems that Fenwick is looking for demerits only and very sceptic about Prof. Williams proposals. Furthermore, it can be reasonably believed that when looking at Prof. Williams suggestions it possible to find merits. The court will consider all relationships between victim and offender, and it can hardly be said that it would not take into account when sentencing that when rape occurred the victim and accused was living together. Moreover, when Fenwick using examples of husband and stranger raping victim, he is using extremities. He shows the worst scenario of how husband rapes his wife, with the worst future consequences and he using example to st rengthen his opinion by showing us that stranger who rapes victim can be less harmful. Later he is trying to repair this position by saying that â€Å"I do not want to suggest that â€Å"stranger† rape is really cosy† and â€Å"it is well known that husbands and other members of the family sometimes find any rape hard to come to terms with and may blame the woman†. It reflects that he could use more objective examples. On the other hand, this article is really strong and persuasive. Authors arguments are well backup with creditable information, he is examining problems in depth. Rises proper questions to influence reader and to negate Prof. Williams proposals as it is true that these proposals if incorporated into law would not bring certainty and finality to it, it would bring anomalies and misunderstandings. Fenwick uses statistics to strengthen his position on point that most of the rape is made by people who is known to the victim, and so if Prof. Williams suggestions would be incorporated, it would bring ‘partial immunity’ to the most rapist and they would receive lessen crimes, like domestic assault and others. What is more, the text reflects the Helen Fenwick view and in that time recent decided case of R and Law Commission recommendations, which is mentioned in the article. As author is criticising the Prof. Williams articles it is necessary to say that all Fenwick criticism is justified. The article also respond directly to the points made by Prof. Williams and comes with results how these proposals would had changed law on domestic rape into negative side. It is worth to mention that Fenwick is using current practise and personal reflection to deal with this problem. I am quite sure that Helen Fenwick is right what he is trying to address to us and the key points is set out in easy and comprehensive language in order to access to reader. In the conclusion, Fenwick view is based on the modern policy and to give women more rights. It also says that the principle of irrevocable consent within marriage is not just and any proposals by Professor Glanville Williams is against women rights to dispose her body as she chooses. What I can say more, that I am of the same opinion as Fenwick and I think when read this article you should focus on the women rights. In 1990s the criminal law on rape was on the edge of changing. The principle, that at marriage woman gives irrevocable consent to have sex with husband, now is being challenged. There was strong public opinion that stranger rapist and husband rapist should be equal placed in the court room. Professor Glanville Williams in his article ‘The problem of domestic rape’ (141 NLJ 205); (141 NLJ 246); argues that husband should not be liable for ‘rape’ like stranger rapist for a number of reasons, which shall I discuss. In his article, Prof. Williams, is willing to affect changes in law on domestic rape topic. He argues that husband should be protected by exemption from domestic rape offence. Prof Williams gives further points to strengthen his position by saying that the principle of husband exemption from rape was standing for centuries, not only because it was a policy but also that husband do not deserve to be accused of rape. Spouses have long lasting relations hip and that for maybe one time when husband had not had a consent he is not worth be liable for the same offence as stranger rapist. Furthermore, after marital ‘rape’ couple can even be reconciled, and forget about that one incident and that domestic rape is far more less traumatic than stranger rapist. Moreover, Prof. Williams suggests that after abolishing exemption there is left to much protection for wife of criminal law in respect that at the marriage she accepts sexual relationship between her and husband. Another major concern of author is the sentencing problems which is against his view. Prof. Williams is of opinion that to punish husband for 3-5 years of imprisonment is too harsh. Author suggests that the sentence should be not about the years, but counting in days or even fine. Moreover, ‘compelling the woman to testify’ against his husband is not appropriate, for reason that woman can still feel love to her husband and this would be against her will to testify, but in our law now is contrary woman must testify. Prof. Williams uses an example to illustrate this by ‘In 1989 a wife who refused to testify against her husband in an assault case was fined by Newark magistrates for contempt of court. Author thinks that this is against family interests. Professor’s Glanville Williams arguments is very interesting and challenging the Criminal law on rape. Author is wide known, respected, honourable academic and his authority and validity seems to be able to influence Law Commission and other academics. He is using a lot of tools to affect the reader, start with involving the reader, where he is asking reader to image, think what he would be in the place of husband, and ending with appellation to conscience. Prof. Williams backups all of his arguments by using case law or articles or even interviews with people. Latter is really helpful to put more confidence in the article. As he has great authority so his reasoning is valid to the deep context of family relations. Author is supporting family welfare and put reconcilation as the strong argument that husband should have exemption from domestic rape. What is more, indeed is credible to rely on, as the reasoning this as I mentioned above, author is respected and honourable academic and if he would be so, we could not be influenced by his works. The last thing to say, but not least, is that the article is really well writen, it easy to read and understand. So it can affect general community. There are however some problems with Professor’s Williams arguments. It did not persuade me for a number of reasons. Let’s start with saying that the law should be equal to everyone who live within it. If Prof. Williams arguments would be accepted it is not right against, like he calls, ‘stranger rapist’. Why? For the reason, that the ‘stranger rapist’ not always is very horrific, and the future consequence might be more positive to victim, being raped by stranger. Despite the fact, that victim feels more horrific being raped by stranger than husband we can still perceive positive side. For example, when victim is raped by husband she cannot expect support from her family, also victim losses confidence in all men, no matter how good personality is man, he can still be able to do that horrible act. Now looking at the stranger who raped his victim, she gets full support from her close people and after a while she can get back confidence in herself and men. Moreover, it is women right to dispose her body as she wants and no husband can tell how she must act, the principle that husband has exemption is out-dated public policy. Furthermore, stranger as well as husband should have reasonable self-restraint level. So, to my mind, it is worth to have the same punishment for both wrongdoers, stranger and husband, because in the end the harm is done and offender must take the consequence of it. In relation, as Prof. Williams indicated, with ‘sentencing anomalies’ is very conflicting to law on sentencing. Author suggestion that downgrading domestic law to common assault would cause a lot of injustice into the law. It is the same to give privilege to one group of people and for other give more duties and severe sentences. This idea is step out of modern world, and denies the principle that all people should be equal to To consider all things mentioned above, it is clear that Professor Glanville Williams is respected and honourable academic, this article is written very well, it easy to read, comprehensive and credible. Despite this, his arguments is not walking a long side with modern world public pol icies and for this fact I do not agree with his article.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

French Philosophers Essay

MONTAIGNE Montaigne is both a literary writer and a philosopher > a humanist. Montaigne’s essays: cover a loto f topics without claiming to provide a definitive or an absolute truth about these topics: â€Å"We have no communication with being†, Essays, II, 12 The Problem of Truth Being is not accessible for a finite being as we (men) are. Senses or reason are not criteria of truth. Sense is no criteria since its always changing and reason is no criteria also because we only have access to appeareances, which also change. Things are always changing. They are in a perpetual movement : – The only â€Å"thing† we are directly in relation with is ourselves. The â€Å"I† is constantly changing, is in a perpetual movement and it is not self-centred or an egocentric character it is the first step to explore the whole world. He is emblematic of the rebirth of SCEPTICISM. Scepticism is the position that says that it is impossible to know anything because all the propositions are equal. For skeptics there’s no criteria for thruth. 3 Main Principles A) Epoche = â€Å"suspending judgement† – when you are not sure of what you are saying. The Greek word epoche means to check, cease, suspend, stop, or pause in some activity that otherwise or normally occurs. The sceptic suspends his judgment for default of a good reason for exercising it. The dogmatist asserts that something is true. B) Relativism = all points of view are equally valid. C) Isosthenia = the equality of strength of two opposing arguments. Sceptism is more a process than a result, is more a methodology. Descartes Dogmatism, Rationalism and Dualism 1. Dogmatism – comes from the greek word â€Å"dogma†(opinion or belief) – Common and pejorative sense: the tendency to lay down principles as undeniably true, without consideration of evidence or the opinion of others. – Philosophical meaning: doctrine that asserts that man is able to get to the  truth or, in other words, that man is able to attain absolute truths and certainty of knowing (Opposite of Skepticism). Descartes is dogmatic since he believes that we can get to absolute certainty, what he calls evidence or clear perceptions(intelectual perception, the one you can get through the eyes of mind, not the eyes of body). We can reach the truth. Reason is unique and ultimate source of truth. 2.Rationalism: REASON versus senses. Reason is the chief source and test of knowledge. Rationalism is based on deduction (versus induction). ln that sense, it is opposed to empiricism: the theory of knowledge which states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience Knowledge is an activity of our mind that applies itself to identify the figures and the properties that essentially constitutes one thing (Text 3 – Wax argument) Dream argument: ln our dreams our sensations are sometimes so strong that everything is going as if we were awake (whereas in fact we are not) Our senses are deceitful: we can’t trust them ; only reason can be trusted Wax argument: Knowledge ≠  observing its empirical qualities. Knowledge is an activity of our mind that applies itself to identify the figures and the properties that essentially constitute one thing. Cogito, ergo sum: essential link between thought and humanity.Thinking is the only proof of my existence and it is also my essence; both are simultaneous. I prove my existence by my essence (versus accidental qualities). Moreover, thinking is a property that only men possess.ïÆ'   animals are not able to think and that’s also why they are not able to speak (text 5). 3. Dualism: In philosophy of mind, dualism is a view about the relationship between mind and matter which claims that mind and matter are two ontologically separate categories. It is opposed to monism: philosophical view according to which everything can be explained in terms of a single reality or substance. â€Å"I am not only lodged in my body as a pilot in a vessel† This sentence shows that Descartes also tries to think the union and the connection of mind and body in the human being that we are Rousseau (Enlightment) Rousseau has a contractualist or contractarian approach of society: he conceives it as an invention or as an artifice. Legitimate authority of government must derive from the consent of the governed ïÆ'  Society doesn’t exist by nature. contractualism is opposed to naturalism, The state of nature: the one that exists before the invention of society. Rousseau does not think that this state really existed. It is methodological: the state of nature aims to understand and to evaluate the civil state we are actually living in. Why is the state of nature so good? State of nature is defined by pity and self-loved. Considers that man in the state of nature are not leaving together and are independent. According to Rousseau, the state of nature is a state of self-sufficiency in which every man is equal. On the contrary, civil state introduces: – property, – inequality, – love of self That’s why it is a perversion and a degradation of our natural condition Different from Hobbes: Hobbes argues that all humans are by nature equal in faculties of body and mind. From this equality, everyone is naturally in competition with one another (copiar resto) Love of self: always comparing yourself to the other and trying to see what you can do to be better†¨ Self Love: you always give your 100% He is not saying we should return to the state of nature. He considers the  state of nature as a moral value in order to evaluate society. Human Nature 2 essential properties: 1) PERFECTIBILITY or faculty of improvement (Text 2) Perfectibility draws men out of this original condition and gives him adaptability. At the same time, perfectibility is responsible for the evill. 2) FREEDOM (Text 1). Nature and instinct (beast) are here opposed to freedom. Nature and instinct are here opposed to freedom. Dog cant go against his instinct, if he is hungry for example. freedom is the equivalent of what we call â€Å"autonomy† If society perverts humankind, but if, at the same time, man doesn’t have to return to a state of nature, this is because his essential properties (freedom and perfectibility) imply to divorce from nature Difference of DEGREE between men and beast. Men, like animals, are also able to form ideas but they are more complex than the ones animals could form. There is a difference in terms of nature since men are free and animals follow their instinct. Freedom is the ability of choice. We are able to determine ourselves to act and not to be passive in front of each situation. Freedom is the equivalent to what we call â€Å"autonomy† 4. The Social Contract This legitimate political authority comes from a social contract agreed upon by all citizens for their mutual preservation. (1) The collective grouping of all citizens = the â€Å"sovereign† (it is like an individual person). As the sovereign entirely proceeds from our will: â€Å"each man, in giving himself to all, gives himself to nobody† (text 4). Obeying the contract coincides with obeying ourselves and that’s precisely what Rousseau calls  « autonomy  » The concept of â€Å"general will† End of Text 4 The general will is the common interest. Even if it proceeds from the particular wills of every citizens, it is more than the collection of particular wills The general will finds its clearest expression in the general and abstract laws of the state

Monday, July 29, 2019

A lost property Essay Example for Free

A lost property Essay ? A lost property is one which is found in a locality where it is likely that its true owner had no intent of placing it and the owner is not likely to find it. On the other hand, misplaced property is one which the true owner placed it somewhere and forgot to pick it up. Conversely, abandoned property is one which the true owner intended to leave somewhere due to the state it was in (Litka & Inman, 1983). This plane could have been termed as lost or abandoned. The collector of the airplane – Doug Chaplin, thus lost in the court ruling since the plane was a lost and found property (Stewart, Warner & Portman, 2008). The plane could have remained to be the property of Chaplin but since The Navy found it and because they are the true owners; they have a right to repossess it. Chaplin should have turned the plane over to the proper authorities. Moreover, if the owner does not go to claim it for a certain time period, then the plane could be reverted back to Chaplin (Warda, 2005). The plane was ruled to be belonging to The Navy even though Chaplin could have been rewarded for his effort to recover the plane. The court could also have ruled that the plane constituted an abandoned property and thus was supposed to be a property of the government of which The Navy was also part of the government. Chaplin could never win the case because the plane’s true owners were claiming it, in addition, the law holds that lost property should be returned to the owner. Even if Chaplin collected the plane as a relic, the plane still belonged to The Navy since under the common law of America, relics are entitled to their collector unless the true owner reclaims them. References Litka, M. P. ; & Inman, J. E. (1983). The legal environment of business: Public and private laws. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Stewart, M. ; Warner, R. ; & Portman, J. (2008). Every landlord’s legal guide. Berkeley, California: Nolo. Warda, M. (2005). Landlords’ rights and duties in Florida. Chicago, IL: Sourcebooks, Incorporated. A lost property. (2016, Sep 17).

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Emergency response Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emergency response - Research Paper Example The decisions taken during the response phase in disaster management should help restore order and re-establish a state of normality mainly through rehabilitation and reconstruction. In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security is responsible for planning for and conducting emergency response services (Perry and Lindell, 2003). During the emergency response phase, first responders are posted in the disaster area, while the necessary emergency services are mobilized. Some of the core services during this phase include policing, ambulance and firefighting services. Recent research information shows that although the federal government has put measures in place to aid in efficient response during emergencies, there is much more that needs to be done to ensure that further loss of life and damage to property and the environment does not occur (Waugh and Streib, 2006). During recent times, the government’s response to disasters such as the Florida floods in 2004 and Hurricane Katrina a year later has drawn a lot of criticism from what is seen as lackluster efforts from government to respond to the disasters in time (Sene, 2008). For homeland security, scholars argue that since the country is at risk of domestic and internationals terrorist attacks, more should be done to enable quick response in case a S eptember 11 disaster occurs again (Radvanovsky, and McDougall, 2010). There is general concurrence that a lack of a strong response strategy for terrorism attacks in the country’s emergency management plans can lead to massive loss of lives and property. The Federal Emergency Management Agency or FEMA is the federal organization charged with the responsibility of dealing with emergencies. The agency coordinates government’s efforts in the preparation for, prevention and mitigation of the effects of disasters that occur on American soil (Sene, 2008). The body is also responsible for response and recovery measures from domestic disasters. The

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Research Paper Example Some of the current issues facing Iran both locally and internationally are clearly outlined. The pressures facing the country as it seeks part and belonging to a global community are also included. Furthermore, this paper aims to research and examine the Iranian history of the 20th century identifying the major events during that period that may have a direct impact on its development. Reviewing the current economic system and how it reflects the country’s history and culture. While civilization in Iran dates back to 2800 BC, the Persian Empire peaked during the sixth century under the rule of Cyrus the Great. Two centuries later, the Greeks, led by Alexander the Great, overcome the Persians leading to the emergence of western thought over the east. Persians were converted to Islam in the seventh century AD (Eldon & Hooglund, 2008). More than 800 years later, the Safavid dynasty embraced the Shia branch of Islam causing a lasting rift with the majority Sunnis. Different forces struggled for power over the course of the next centuries. By the turn of the new century, Iran was embroiled in a bifurcated struggle. On one hand, the Iranians struggle to maintain their national independence in the face of growing colonial pressures. Iran’s geostrategic importance made it a central focus of the colonial game between Great Britain and Russia. The country was carved up into spheres of influence. The Russians had supremacy over the north, while Britain had su premacy in the South of the country. At the same time, another struggle was taking shape within its borders. The country was undergoing a constitutional revolution (1905-1911). The revolution started by disputes over sugar prices finally led to public protests of the revolution. By January 1906, the Shah agreed to their demands that included the formation of the house of justice. Despite this development. The Shah did not honor

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Marketing for Dell Computers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing for Dell Computers - Essay Example On account of promoting their printer business I am to describe their marketing management team the basic concepts of marketing related techniques to promote the sales of printers. Based on an overall analysis regarding past performances of the company, I adopted a systematic plan of marketing strategy for the promotion of company’s printer sales. I find this marketing strategy is worth for their management to achieve the objective within minimum time frame in an efficient and effective manner. On the basis of the case study on the company’s performance, and further analysis, I prepared a report incorporating various aspects and techniques of marketing management and submit to the Chairman-cum-CEO of the company. This report will definitely be a suitable guide for senior management team of M/s Dell Computers which would as I presume, rejuvenate the team for delivering their maximum efforts in a right perspective for achieving the goal. In this report the different stages of marketing, marketing approach, targeting, positioning and related relevant topics are explained. As a result to the efforts taken by me for the research and analysis , the best possible techniques and application of marketing management are narrated in this report and necessary recommendations compiled from the analysis are also mentioned at the end. The top management of the company must adhere to the guidance on account of rendering their best services to ensure improvement in sales of printers by reaching right customers across the difference parts of the world in right time. Here is a marketing related quote.† (Contardo 2004). Once Mr Peter Drucker, an eminent management thinker and the father of business consulting stated that "Because the purpose of business is to create a customer, the business enterprise has two--and only two--basic functions:

Friday, July 26, 2019

Business Management Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Management Report - Essay Example However, at the conclusion part, the report summarizes the approaches adopted to assess and manage performance, as well as the summary of performance management, in general. Performance management concept is a recent development that adopts a future-oriented strategy that is focused and is applied to all workers with an aim of maximizing their usual level of performance and future potentiality. This increasing focus on the level of performance at all levels in a company arose from the globalization pressures. There is an urgent need, of creating competitive advantage, is for survival in the marketplace internationally (Elias and Scarbrough, 2004). Talents, abilities, competencies, human capital, the value-creating skills, and competencies, of a companys employees, are argued to be a significant component in forming such competitive advantage (Mayo, 2001). Management of performance is noted to be the main role in human capital development (Tahvanainen, 2000). In addition, performance management is a continuous cycle to assess and manage the development of skills and tasks of all workers so that the organization can achieve its goals. In this section, it has been divided into three major parts and subsections on it. The major sections include an overview of the management cycle, review of different approaches to performance management and analysis of the problems associated with assessing and managing performances. Human resources problems that are commonly experienced by employers include establishing productivity, recruitment, employees, carrying out and prevent discrimination. However, the report covered performance management in organizations. This section is divided into three sections. They are an overview of the performance management cycle, a review of the different approaches to performance management and analysis of the problems associated with assessing and managing performance. In addition, there are

Thursday, July 25, 2019

E-procurement and E-supply Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-procurement and E-supply - Coursework Example Internet and e-business has become so much popular these days and a lot of business is moving towards e-business. This is specially the case with both large and small business. People like to market their product or project online as it takes less cost and benefits are much higher if properly planned. E-business and marketing are indispensible to each other, if one has a marvelous goods, products or services but he doesn’t have accurate and strong market skills; there are less chances of its success. On the other hand, if a person has normal quality products but he knows how to market them at economical rates, its results will be much better. E-procurement is an accommodative procurement of products, services and tasks using any electronic procedure in every stage for boosting in efficiency & transparency of the goods or services. Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology According to Venkatesh et al. (2003), there is a requirement to improve business’s men kno wledge of technology Utilization by investigating newer applications, accounting for additional difference in usage attitude and connecting it to individual usage results. the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) that incorporates major drivers and balks of web systems usage for e-procurement, investigates the consequence of such usage on corporate buyers and heightens the overall view of the UTAUT. It is calculated that eighty to ninety percent of the deals conducted over the Internet are business-to-business deals (Rosen and Howard, 2000). Although, little research has incorporated on web systems utilization from the point of view of corporate buyers. Figure 1: Research Model E-procurement has many objectives, few of them are: To perform as the catalyst for procurement reclaim, to improve transparency, supervising and manage in procurement procedure, to add in economies of scale via accumulation of demand, to cut off the cost of doing business for both suppli ers and government, to launch level playing field and â€Å"fair† private-enterprise platform for the suppliers. E-tendering is the second concept of e-procurement, features of e-tendering are: Publication of NIT, downloading of tender documents by contractors and suppliers, bids opening, Auto-bid evaluation, award publication. There are some famous examples of e-procurement: Public procurement service, Korea, Gebiz Singapore and Indian railways. E-procurement methodologies include software that allows purchasing agents to book their required items from various locations and generate invoices, purchase orders, receipts and request for quotations. Online auctions are another tool of e-procurement. Cathy-Pacific had a good plan to e-procurement but there are some flaws in their plan. Website marketing and online auction, selling is one of the best options via the web but it needs proper management, they had focus on –procurement but they didn’t focus on management and maintenance of such a long project. No doubt, their plan is good for cost reduction but some areas need proper attention like ticket booking and seat allocation needs extensive care and proper management as if it becomes tough, passenger will surely face issues at the time of travelling. No matter, which method they have used but by applying proper and accurate e-procurement technology they could gain a lot

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Song Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Song Analysis - Essay Example Buble wrote these lines when he was on a tour to Italy where the separation from his beloved pained him too much, and he wished to get back to his beloved at the earliest. A close reading of the song explores certain other poetical devises such as the repetition of some phrases, images and the usage of figurative speech that add imaginative coloring to the song. Buble begins the song with a note of pathos in his words. For Buble, even the great cities like Rome or Paris does not pacify his unquenchable thirst to reach home and share some sweet moments with his beloved. Like a child’s crossness, he repeats, ‘I wanna go home.’ The repetition of the phrase is capable of haunting the minds of the listeners who feel the intense desire of the writer to reach home. The multitude of people, ‘Another aeroplane (Line 17),’ ‘Another sunny place (Line 18), ‘Another winter’ (32) and so on, does not satisfy the writer. While reading through the lyrics of the song, one gets various images of the male narrator of the song, his journeys, alienation, and his earnestness for reunion. From the narration, it is quite evident that the narrator is a busy man, travelling from one place to another and could not find sufficient time to reach home. He himself admits that his words are cold and flat and his beloved needs more than that. This also brings to us the image of a beloved, anxiously waiting for the letters and presence of her lover. The narrator’s words, ‘I feel just like I’m living someone else’s life/It’s like I just stepped outside’ (Lines 25-26) bring out the image of a discontented person. The lyricist has resorted to some figure of speech to enkindle the feeling of the narrator in the song. One can find the usage of the figure of speech simile in the lines, ‘I feel just like I’m living someone else’s life,’ and in, ‘It’s

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Rural nursese and Inteavenous rehydration in paediatric Research Paper

Rural nursese and Inteavenous rehydration in paediatric gastroenteritis - Research Paper Example In order to know the quality, rigor and weight of evidence presented in a research paper, tools such as (COREQ) are used depending on the research design used (Agustin 7). (COREQ) is used in assessing qualitative studies. Other tools used to assess qualitative studies are MOOSE for Meta analysis of observational studies in epidemiology while the TREND is used for Quasi-experimental or non-randomized assessments (Finlay and Gough 22). Journal The study is reported in the Journal of Advanced Nursing, which is a leading international journal that is peer reviewed and is highly rated on Impact factor of 1.54. The target audience for the journal is health care professionals in pursuit of advanced practice and professional development. It provides knowledge and evidence. The journal is published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, which has offices in many locations in the world, one of them being in Melbourne, Australia. The journal provide a wealth of knowledge and information that addresses is sues of international interests and concern and present them as research findings, research-based reviews, discussion papers and other articles from practitioners, administrators, researchers, educators among others in the field of nursing, midwifery and health sciences, and therefore, I would apply this information into practice. Authors The study conception and design was done by Jane Mills who is a research fellow in the School of nursing and midwifery at the Monash University, Victoria, Karen Francis a professor in rural nursing at the School of nursing and Midwifery of Monash University and Ann Bonner who is a senior lecturer and the School of nursing, Midwifery and Nutrition at James Cook University, Victoria, Australia. Mills drafted the manuscript and performed data collection and data analysis while Francis and Bonner made the vital revisions to the paper and supervised the whole study. The authors are researchers and educators in nursing with Francis being a professional r esearcher in rural nursing, and therefore, they bring a wealth of knowledge into rural nursing and specifically mentorship, and therefore, would apply this information into practice. Title The title of this research is ‘Live My Work: Rural Nurses and their Multiple Perspectives of Self.’ A good research title is described by Simera, Moher, Hoey, Schulz and Altman 37) to be explicit. It clearly states the general idea of the research without leaving any doubts, questions or room for clarifications while remaining exact and to the point. It is also intriguing enough to make readers want to continue reading the paper. This title achieves all this in that it is short, clear and to the point and gives, the general idea of what the study is all about, mentorship in rural nursing practice. Background and explanation of rationale Mentoring has been cited internationally as a solution to the problem of retaining rural nursing workforce. Rural nursing has been described well by t he RRMAS Index of remoteness in terms of distance to the service centres and distance from other people. Research has also helped in outlining the characteristics that distinguish rural and urban nursing practice. From these characteristics, the implications of living and working in the same community for the rural nurses worldwide have been identified as the most significant. In Australia, recruiting and retaining rural n

The Intersection of Nature and Culture Essay Example for Free

The Intersection of Nature and Culture Essay Semiotics is a discipline which stems from the work and theories of American logician C. S. Peirce and the French linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. The idiom originates from the Greek word seemeiootikee, which denotes the study of signs, what they represent and signify, and how human beings act, interact and think in their universe. This branch of learning and understanding can be best described as a system of many communication theories and techniques which can be viewed as pieces of a puzzle. When these fragments are connected and pieced together, they make visible, the intricate design of human interaction and interpersonal communication. Semiotics lies intermediary between philosophy and philology and is nothing less than an objectification, or self-expression, or interpretation and the formation and comprehension of meaning. This area of study is a combination between scientific discipline and a world-view. Semiotics is an enormously broad approach to understanding such matters as meaning, cognition, culture, behavior, even life itself. At the heart of this discipline lies the notion of sign. A sign, according to Charles S. Peirce, widely acknowledged to be one of the seminal thinkers about semiotics, is something which stands to somebody for something in some respect or capacity. It is the study of signs and symbols as elements of communicative behavior and the analysis of systems of communication. These signs take the form of words, images, sounds, acts or objects, but have no genuine meaning and become signs only when we invest them with meaning- nothing is a sign unless it is interpreted and brings about some form of meaning. Understanding semiology assists in the true understanding of ones self, others, and how we view the world around us. Inherently, humans are reactors. Because it is human nature to act, or react toward people, items, and instances on the basis of preconceived meanings that have been assigned, it is beneficial to understand that each sign or symbol will have a different meaning to each individual it is presented to. Because of communication filters and barriers (which can also be signs and symbols) no message is ever received the exact way it is sent. (See Appendix A)  Similarly, every sign encountered can be decoded and interpreted differently depending on preconceived notions, culture and personal experience. A signifier may induce many different interpretations of the signified (See Appendix B and D). This theory of signs and symbolism is divided into branches including pragmatics, semantics, and syntactics. Pragmatics is the branch of semiotics which deals with the causal and other relations between words, expressions, or symbols and their users. It can be an analysis of language in terms of the situational context within which utterances are made, including the knowledge and beliefs of the speaker and the relation between speaker and listener. Semantics is the study of the relationship between words and meanings. The field of semantics has three fundamental concerns: the relations of words to the objects denoted by them, the relations of words to the interpreters of them, and, in symbolic logic, the formal relations of signs to one another semantics is concerned with such issues as meaning and truth, meaning and thought, and the relation between signs and what they mean. Syntactics is the branch of semiotics dealing with the formal properties of language and systems of symbols. Innis proposes that, fundamentally these areas of thought deal with meanings and messages in all their forms and in all their contexts. There are three ways in which the sign can stand for its object: as icon, index or symbol. An icon is a sign that stands for an object by resembling it, not merely visually, but by any means. An icon makes a connection by similitude. Included in this category of sign are obvious examples like pictures, maps and diagrams and some not so obvious ones like algebraic expressions and metaphors. Indexes refer to their objects, not by virtue of any similarity relation, but by an actual causal link between the sign and its object: smoke is an index of fire. The relation between the sign and its object is substantial in that the sign and object have something in common; that is, the object affects the sign. It is physically connected to the object. Symbols refer to their objects by virtue of a law, rule or convention. Words, propositions and texts are obvious examples in that no similarity or causal link is suggested in the relation between, for example,  the word horse and the object to which it refers. In this category especially the potential arbitrary character of signs comes to the foreground. If symbols need bear no similarity or causal link to their object, then the signs can be considered by the sign user in unlimited ways, independent of any physical relationship to the sign user. The convention between recognizing a sign and the meaning which is provoked is affected by perception and experience. What appears to be a complex ideology is really very simple. Semiotics is everywhere, in every part of daily life. Humans recognize patterns of information and organize them to generate meaning. The sign is the signifier, and what speaks to us is the signified. We see a sign, internalize it, and create meaning. The Semantic Triangle, (Appendix E) shows the indirect relationship between symbols and their referents. Some signs are culturally universal and convey similar meaning in individuals (Appendix F). Some signs act as instructions or directions, and guide or restrict behaviors. For instance, if a sign with a cigarette encompassed by a red circle and a bar through the middle is on display in a business it is understood that there is no smoking on the premises. This image has predetermined meaning. Some signs act as reminders. An image in of a young child in a magazine may serve as a sign for an aging mother and the signified may be a sense of sadness as her children have grown and moved on. The perception of meaning and the ability making sense out of the information that is being transmitted by these signs is an essential element of human communication. The study and application of semiotics is the frame work for representing meaning. Reality is encoded with signs and symbols and life is but to decode and find meaning. We seem to be a species driven by a desire to make meaning: above all, we are surely homo-significans meaning-makers within which signs are meaningful units taking the form of words, images, sounds, acts or objects. Such things have no intrinsic meaning and become signs only when we invest them with meaning. And it is this meaning-making which is at the heart of the concerns of semiotics. The fact that humans can consume and interpret signs which are arbitrary and have no tangible existence in their immediate experience is what makes thought possible and is distinctly human. Ideas can be brought to mind and manipulated without being directly experienced. Meanings can be expressed in various ways, through a variety of sign systems: language, music, gesture and by many other vehicles. The meaning that is found within these signs creates the psychological and emotional environment we live in. Signs can also communicate ideological or connotative meaning, and perpetuate the dominant values of society. Aristotle claimed that a thing either is or it isnt. Semiotics is the arbitrator of this existence and because things can be decoded and deciphered differently by each individual, there is much grey area between the is and the isnt. By being aware of the way we use and interpret signs and symbols, and understanding the effects of these things on communication and interaction we are increasing and recognizing cognitive complexity so as to better approximate the halftones of this symbolically mediated real world. The meanings of signs and symbols are mediated by our experience and understanding of the world can never be the same for each person. Thomas Sebeok proposes that semiotics lies at the intersection of nature and culture. It is human nature to see and interpret signs but many of the signs we see are culturally adopted. However, we create our world of meaning by interpreting signs as we interact with objects in our environment and by personal experience. Having an understanding of Semiotics and its branches can help one to better understand their own psyche, as interpreting and finding meaning has much to do with self-disclosure. It also brings an understanding of others into the framework. The concept of semiotics and the ability to comprehend the notions can become a fortunate thing and be advantageous to the ability to communicate interpersonally, connect on a deeper level, and interact with other people and the world around References Barthes, Elements of Semiology (1967); A. A. Berger, Signs in Contemporary Culture: An Introduction to Semiotics (1988). Buchler, J. (Ed.). (1955). Philosophical Writings of Peirce. New York: Dover Innis, R. (Ed.). Semiotics: An Introductory Anthology. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.1983 Sebeok, T. Contributions to the Doctrine of Signs.Lisse: Peter de Ridder Press.1976. Unknown, Steps towards Evolutionary Semiotics. Semiotica 132, 3/4 (317-342).2000

Monday, July 22, 2019

Half Caste, by John Agard Essay Example for Free

Half Caste, by John Agard Essay Poetry is used by writers world wide to express them. Many of these poems are very negative and show it in the use, and misuse, of language. Other poems are more positive. Poets often use their work to express difficult situations. Half Caste is a good example of this because it portrays the writer in a negative situation that the writer expresses his opinions about. Unrelated incidents is a similar type of poem with a varying, but overall alike problem. The poem Not my business is a more literal poem. The poem is similar because it shows the poet in a difficult situation but the way the poet expresses himself is completely different. In Half Caste, by John Agard, the difficult situation is one of prejudice. The writer is expressing his dislike of the prejudice he suffers because he is of mixed race or, in his words, half caste. The word half-caste is shown to be the culprit in this poem and the entire poem ridicules the word and those who use it. The writer uses various strategies to achieve this goal. In the first paragraph the writer immediately draws the readers attention with an apology, excuse me, he says. This draws the readers attention because it is a very abrupt way of starting a poem and the reader continues to read to see what he is fact sorry for. Immediately, Agard shows that he was in fact being sarcastic. He uses the ridiculous imagery of a man standing on one leg to show the stupidity of the word half-caste. Agard continues to be ridiculous like this throughout the poem. Agard doesnt confine himself to ridiculous imagery though, he uses imagery of famous western icons to prove his point, yu mean when Picasso mix red an green is a half caste canvas. This is effective because to create a good painting an artist will probably have to mix colours, Agards point is that paintings with mixed colours are any worse so why should he be. He uses similar imagery using British weather and Tchaikovsky to prove the same point. The constant use of such imagery shows the reader the difficult situation rather than describing it, in Half Caste the writer uses it to show why e hates prejudice and by doing so tells the reader the prejudice he suffers. . Not my business also uses imagery, but the imagery is not as subtle and more literal. The poems starts with imagery of brutality beat him soft like clay. The imagery is very violent and suggests constant repetitive beating. The few words say masses; soft like clay suggests broken bones and tenderness. The imagery is very violent and portrays a very violent regime or lifestyle. This instantly shows the difficult situation in which the writer is in. Later in the poem more imagery is used. The constant repetition of savouring mouth and the personification of objects hungry hand and bewildered lawn create imagery of consumption. These constant images of consumption and brutality lets Osundare express his situation fully and more interestingly than if it had been written in prose. John Agard also uses a Jamaican dialect in Half Caste. In the entire poem he uses no punctuation, and spells everything phonetically according to the dialect. This deliberate misuse of the English language is an obvious rebellion to English standards. He writes in English but in a Jamaican dialect showing his problem of being Half Caste. This simple use of dialect says many things about his views on his stereotyping. He is rebelling against people who want him only to act English and people who are prejudiced against him. The use of dialect says that if English people discriminate against him then he will discriminate against the English language. Unrelated Incidents also uses dialect to show a difficult situation, this time the dialect is Scottish and its use is obvious. By using a Scottish dialect the writer instantly shows the difference between him scruff and the BBC accent he is opposed to. The difference in dialect shows the prejudice Leonard claims to suffer. The prejudice is not one of a different culture but one inside Britain. He is saying by using dialect that no one trusts him, or other Glaswegians because of their accent and their home. He says this in the poem as well by saying if a toktaboot thi trooth lik want to yoo scruff yi widny thingk it wuz troo.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Maslow and Hertzbergs Theories of Motivation

Maslow and Hertzbergs Theories of Motivation There are two types of motivational theories, process and content theory. Maslow was extremely clear to emphasize that organisations should, within reasons carry out all they can to satisfy needs of all levels in an organisation; whether, considering teams, departments or individuals. (Fincham et. al.(2005)).  He also recognised the problem involving this idea, Fincham (2005) states it is hard for us to go backward psychologically A theory which offered a number of predictions about what motivates people in societies offering relatively full employment, when jobs are scarce; employees are motivated solely by deficiency needs. (Fincham and Rhodes, page 197) Real introduction Motivation has increased in popularity over the past era, determining organisational behaviour; theories of motivation are necessary in ensuring comprehensive and promising organisational activities. This essay explores the importance, similarities and differences of motivational theories concentrating specifically on Maslows and Hertzbergs theory; also the essay investigates how team leaders might exercise the two theories to motivate their teams in an organisational setting. Hallway (1991) reveals that by the 1960s motivation became the central concept through which to understand job satisfaction. Motivational theories are divided into two different categories; termed content and process theories. Both Maslows and Hertzbergs theories are in the content category; content theories assume that all individuals possess the same sets of needs (Fincham et al. 2005). Although, Maslows and Hertzbergs theories are both in the content category, both have similarities and differences; it is ex tremely important to investigate both theorys uniqueness and variations. Fincham et al (2005) agues that Maslow was extremely clear to emphasize that organisations and management should, within reasons carry out all they can to satisfy needs of all levels in an organisation; whether, considering teams, departments or individuals. It is extremely important to understand how team leaders can use Maslows and Hertzbergs theories of motivation, in creating; high-quality structured organised and incentivised individuals. Equally, both theories have some relationships between them for instance, the two psychologist categorised ideas into divisions. For example, Hertzberg divided his idea into two factors termed hygiene factor and motivator factor. On the other hand, Abraham Maslow in addition divided the theory into a progression pyramid expressed as deficiency needs and the higher-order needs. Consequently, deficiency needs must be met in order to motivate employees, deficiency needs are similar to hygiene factor, and however the motivators of Hertzberg are likewise similar to Maslows higher-order needs. Furthermore, team leaders must be extremely conscious of the long term objectives and aims of constructing such theories. One purpose of motivation theories is to encourage organisations to respect the feeling and needs of the workforce; there are many ways and methods to satisfy individuals. For instance, according to Hertzberg, providing employees with good working environment; organisations will g radually observe the impact of the motivator factor (after fulfilling the hygiene factor) through the quality of work and productivity. Ultimately, this suggests when employees are enjoying quality working environment, subsequently productivity will increase enormously. Fincham et al (2005) quotes the presence of motivators in a workplace caused enduring states of motivation in employees. Consequently, Hygiene factors normally produce acceptable work environment but not increased in satisfaction. Similarly, Maslow firmly believes that deficiency needs must be met before expecting fully motivated team; deficiency needs consists of three concepts of human necessitate which are Physiological needs (such as environment), safety needs (job security) and social needs such as belonging and love. Fincham et al (2005) clearly demonstrate that the theory is sending strong messages that when jobs are readily available, pay is adequate, and there is a sense of job security, deficiency needs are easily satisfied. As deficiency needs are fulfilled by an employer, the progression in the hierarchy is essential this is because when physiological and security needs are met, this will construct social needs an exceptionally important motivator; team leaders should invest in social aspects of needs this is because an individuals tends to feel odd in a new team; social enhancement is very important to organisations since acknowledgment of the workforce is classed as an incentive; therefore Hertzb ergs motivator factor (recognition) is satisfied. Moreover, recognition is the acknowledgement of someone for doing creditable job nevertheless, motivation theory encourages team leaders to always appreciate team members contribution and therefore close relationship between the two(team member and leader) must be familiarised. Hayes (1997) stresses the necessitate of relationship combination between the team leader and the team, for example, by recognising an individuals needs for support and provision, a team leader is able to engage the provision of training in new skills, giving an individual time off after a demanding period at the workplace and or simply providing emotional support to them. Achieving the above will lead to a teams triumph (achievement) similarly providing team members with feedback on their progress will enhance an individuals confidence to acknowledge their full potential and to attain more. Similarities Hertzberg et al.1959. Hertzberg- psychologist categorised their theories into to category of their own, Hertzberg has split his theory into two factors, he called it hygiene and motivator factor. Whereas, Maslow called his hierarchy of needs, the deficiency needs and the higher-order needs. Maslow Similarity: the theory explains when jobs are readily available, pay is adequate, and there is degree of job security, deficiency needs are easily satisfied (Fincham et al. page 197). As deficiency needs are fulfilled by an employer, the progression in the hierarchy is essential this is because when physiological and security needs are met, this will make social needs an extremely important motivator. Firstly deficiency needs must be met in order to motivate employees, the deficiency needs are similar to hygiene factor, and however the motivators of Hertzberg are likewise similar to Maslows higher-order needs. (Own writing) Both theory did not include monetary reward is a motivator; Maslow defines salary as a norm, whereas Hertzberg referred salary as a hygiene factor which only stops dissatisfaction of employees but do not motivates them. For example, Hertzberg (1972) located salary in the hygiene factor. (Fincham et al. page 195:200, (2005)) it is important to consider the role of non-financial rewards and recognition play in motivating staff. Differences Main difference- psychologist Hertzbergs first account of his theory was that it made the proposals easily testable (major difference between the two psychologists accounts). (Page 199 Fincham, (2005)) Possible difference from Maslow theory: although Maslow has described how the constructs could be measured but the process he has set out were unclear because the complexity of the description (cannot be easily measured which made it difficult for anyone to follow). Fincham et al. (p 198, (2005)) states the operational definitions of the need constructs or other variables such as prepotency were not always clear. And so measurement of them was invariably problematic (Maslow did describe how the constructs might be measured but the process he set out was extremely complex and never followed by anyone) Although, Hertzberg theory illustrate how employers can motivate their employees, Hertzberg goes further than that, he also described how jobs can be changed to gain well-motivated workforce for the long run. (Fincham et al. P200, (2005)) How can a team leader motivate his team? Herzberg motivators- the presence of motivators in a workplace caused enduring states of motivation in employees (Fincham et al. Page 199, (2005)) Subsequently, Hygiene factors normally produce acceptable work environment but not increased in satisfaction. 09.11.2010 written By the 1960s motivation had become the central concept through which to understand job satisfaction. (Page 97,work psychology and organisational behaviour, Wendy Hallway,1991) Team leader can motivate workers by offering them intrinsic reward. Herzterg believes the only way to motivate employees is to give them challenging work in which employees can assume responsibility. According to Hertzbergs two factor theory, giving employees good working environment, team leaders will eventually notice the impact of this factor through the quality of work and productivity(own writing) According to Hertzberg and Maslow individuals are motivated in certain ways, for example Hertzberg has indicated how job redesigned can incorporate more motivation. Ways of motivating employees according to Hertzberg motivator factor: Responsibility by increasing employees autonomy (independence) while retaining accountability, employees will feel that they possess responsibly which allows them to achieve more. Accountability- increasing accountability of employees for their own work will motivate them by recognising them. Recognition -giving employees feedback on their work enhances an individual confidence. Hayes (1997) stresses the necessitate of relationship combination between the team leader and the team, for example, by recognising an individuals desires for support and provision, a team leader is able to engage the provision of training in new skills, giving an individual time off after a demanding period at the workplace and or simply providing emotional support to them. Achieving the above motivator (Hertzbergs motivator factor) will lead to teams triumph (achievement). Promotion- Achievement- assigning individuals specific and specialised tasks enhances the expertise of an employee. Above are motivators of Hertzberg theory of motivation, Hertzberg (1972) believes these motivators contributes to development and promotes psychological growth. Consequently, in Maslows higher-order needs, he includes self esteem and self actualisation, Maslow firmly believes that these needs will promote an individual full potential. Stress is the cause of many illnesses whether psychological or physical illness, for example, Parkinson et al (1995) have stressed out that research on stress had revealed the cause of psychological illnesses. Motivating employees, team leaders are able reduce the occurrence of stress, stress is mainly caused when a job or the role of an employee is repetitive or is lacking variety. Employees prefer to use variety of skills but when a job is repetitive, limited skills are been consumed which causes stress amongst employees. Fincham et al. (2005) , demonstrates the level of stimulation a job provides is likewise associated with the amount of stress it can cause employees to experience. Even though it is possible to contradict and criticize this finding, some believe routine work is common in some workplaces. Individuals have a tendency to be uninspired by repetitive and lack of variety in work, consequently team leader can motivate their team using Maslow and Hertzbergs theory of motivation. There are many ways and methods of motivating employees, one example rotating roles between individuals will result in a significantly high motivation. According to Hollway (1991) there were various attempts that have been applied since the first world war to solve the problems caused by repetitive jobs, Walker (1950) quoted in Hollway (1991) mentions within industry a variety of devices have been tried for a relief of monotony in highly simplified, repetitive operationintroduction of rest pauses, music in the workshop and the grouping of workers into competitive teams. Although using music in the workshop can be quite interesting for some employees, others will argue that not everybody can be motivated by music, instead music can also bee moderately stressful.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Kathleen Parker’s Article, First Three Years Aren’t That Critical Essay

Kathleen Parker’s Article, â€Å"First Three Years Aren’t That Critical†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did your mother read to you when you were six weeks old? Did she teach you how to do math problems when you were two? Recently, I read an issue of Parenting Magazine and found an article on child development. Kathleen Parker’s article, â€Å"First Three Years Aren’t That Critical† tells us that parents today are putting to much emphasis on what the media and medical journals are saying, instead of using common sense. The article emphasizes that parents are going overboard on these new studies using good argumentative techniques. Although I found not all of what she said was accurate, I still felt she got her point across. Parker uses evidence from scientists and medical books, to further persuade the reader to side with her opinion. Parker uses good persuasive techniques by showing that not everything you read in the media about child development is true or factual. Parker also shows that she is not one-sided on the issue and gives a personal comment about the opposing viewpoint. I feel the author proved her point that parents are being ridiculous in how they are raising their child these days.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first few paragraphs, author attracts the attention of the reader and explains the main point of the article. The author begins the article saying that she â€Å"Pity[s] today’s parents who want to do the right thing.† The sentence attracts the audience to continue reading the article because the sentence sparks curiosity in why the author pities today’s parents. The article continues, â€Å"They [parents] buy child-rearing books, explore over psychology articles, play Mozart in nurseries festooned with alphabet cards and the periodic table.† Parker shows good persuasive technique by describing an exaggerated scenario of what parents are doing these days to try to develop their child’s mind. Although the scenario is not believable, the exaggeration helps to prove that parents are being excessive in the way they develop their children. Parker states her position clearly when she comments that parenting should not be that challenging nor as ridiculous as parents are making it. She states that by buying books and playing Mozart to children would be going overboard. This argument could offend people who believe that reading and teaching kids early is a better way to develop their minds or peo... ...ly years is ridiculous. Parker effectively gave evidence to her argument by quoting from scientists and medical literature. Using evidence to support Parker’s overall point made the article more persuasive and convincing. Although she gave some information without evidence, such as in the Jefferson story, she still makes a point in the argument. I felt that Kathleen Parker was persuasive in showing that parents are believing too much what the media and what new medical findings are saying and not using common sense during the first few years of a child’s life. As a parent you should be concentrating on loving and nourishing your child rather than trying to teach it algebra. Parents have been raising their children for thousands of years and I do not believe that these news articles should change the way people are raising their children now. How did your mother raise you? I am sure she did not have a periodic table on hand when she was rocking you to sleep. Parents have other things to worry about rather than trying to change their parental habits because what some controversial news article said. Let parents use what their mother and father used when raising them: common sense.

The Toxicological Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident Essay

The Toxicological Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident Radiation has both beneficial and harmful effects. The most detrimental health effect on humans, is the incidence of cancer, which has been studied. Humans are exposed to radiation more than they realize. They are exposed medically with x-rays, just by being outside with cosmic rays, and by accidents such as at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Exposure to radiation is high and more studies are done which improve radiation protection. The Chernobyl disaster is one such example in which the studies done had implications in the future of radiation protection. It was an unprecedented event. Large amounts of radiation were released into the area and affected the population living there. With the known damaging effects of radiation, this event was not to be ignored. The factors playing a role in the spread of the radiation as well as the future implications of radiation exposure/protection are explored in this paper. The results of the accident were due to the elements of the area, population and nature of the radiation. These results showed the need to improve radiation data collection as well as safety measures. Radiation is harmful because of its interactions with the environment and the body and in turn, the Chernobyl disaster was harmful because it released large amounts of radiation into the environment, exposing the population. Radiation is broken up into four types: alpha particles, beta particles and positrons, gamma rays and x-rays. Electron volt is the conventional energy unit for ionizing radiation (1 eV = 1.6 x 10-19 J). Alpha particles and beta rays have energy equal to their kinetic energy (E=1/2mv2, m = mass, v = velocity) while gamma rays and x-ray... ...after the Chernobyl disaster. Environ Health Perspect. 1997;105(Suppl. 6):1491-1496. Quastel MR, Goldsmith JR, Mirkin L, Poljak S, Barki Y, Levy Jackov, Gorodischer R. Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in children from Chernobyl. Environ Health Perspect. 1997;105(Suppl. 6):1297-1498. Rich V. Reaction design not perfect. Nature. 1986;322:588. Tronko MD, Bogdanova TI, Komissarenko IV, Epstein OV, Oliynyk V, Kovalenko A, Likhtarev IA, Kairo I, Peters SB, LiVolsi VA. Thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents in Ukraine after the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Cancer. 1999;86:149-156. Voigt G, Paretzke HG. Scientific recommendations for the reconstruction of radiation doses due to the reactor accident at Chernobyl. Radiat Environ Biophys. 1996:35:1-9. Williams D. Editorial: thyroid cancer and the Chernobyl accident. J Clin Endo Metab. 1996;81(No. 1):6-8.

Friday, July 19, 2019

last don :: essays research papers

Mario Puzo, the author of many famous mafia books, such as the Godfather, writes the best-selling novel called, â€Å"The Last Don†. â€Å"The Last Don† is about a mafia don, Domenico Clericuizio, who was making arrangements, on the day his grandson and nephew were being christened, for his family to get out of the business and go straight. Don Clericuzio is the head of the most powerful crime family in America. He is a greatly feared man who has built a billion dollar empire, and believes that every debt must be paid and that family comes before anything.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book, which has a very intresting plot, is a hard book to read. I liked this book for many reasons, but I also disliked it. Mario Puzo, trying to make the book as realistic as possible, had the speech in the book sound like a bunch of nonsense. The characters in the book, sounded very uneducated and it took some effort to think about what they meant and were trying to say. I guess it would be easier to watch the story on the television, but reading it is very confusing. I rarely ever read for pleasure, and I guess I picked the wrong book to try it out with. This book had me very frustrated with the language, and it took me a couple of times to get what was going on in the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the intresting things about the book, as well as most of the mafia-based stories is the way Puzo can take characters that are big in crime and violence and turn them into likeable characters. In this novel, the majority of the characters are likeable. Cross De Lena, the don’s great nephew, had feelings for Athena, the most beautiful and talented woman in Hollywood. His feelings grew so strong that Cross decides to make movies. This was one of the most surprising part of the novel because Cross’s desire to make movies causes him to take action without his family’s approval, which in return is a major problem that shocked the family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is different then other books I have read because, usually I don’t get to pick out a book to read, it is usually assigned to me, so when I started to read a book that interests me, I thought I would be intrigued. I enjoyed reading this book at times, but I felt it was a hard book to get in to.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Comparing and Analyzing the Differences Between Co-Ed Schools and Single-Sex Schools Essay

The issue of single-sex schools versus co-ed schools is very much debated and controversial. There are strong supporters for both sides, giving good and valid arguments. It is an issue with a long history, receiving great attention from the media, researchers, teachers and most of all, parents. Although there are many studies that try to answer this question, the problem will probably continue to exist and be debated, the opinions being mixed. After all, choosing a type of education is a matter of personal choice. Nonetheless, there are several clear advantages and disadvantages of both, and there is evidence that there are differences when it comes to teaching styles, progress and achievements. Single-sex schools Single-sex schools have a long history, probably being most popular during the 19th and 20th centuries. In these schools, boys and girls are separated, the classes consisting of only one gender. There are schools that have separate buildings for boys and others for girls, or they only admit one gender into their academic program. This is a practice which is thought to help improve the results of the students. According to Mary Elizabeth, writer for EducationBug. org, one of the arguments is the differences between the brains of girls and boys. Others are different stress responses and hearing sensitivity â€Å"and that these differences can best be responded to by differentiating their instruction and learning environment† (CoEd or Single Sex Education). These reasons seem to be plausible and they are enough for many people to choose this kind of education for themselves or their children. There are some advantages of single-sex schools. As mentioned above, the supporters of single-sex education have many arguments and perhaps the greatest one of them is the educational benefit. It is believed that this kind of education improves student achievements and progress. Girls and boys learn and think in different ways, therefore they should be separated and the studies should be based on each gender’s interests and strengths. Different teaching techniques should be used too. Since girls are more mature than boys at a younger age, they can be more serious and focused in school, whereas boys have a lower concentration limit, and they act out ore often than girls. Leonard Sax, who has a PhD, is an M. D. in Montgomery County and founded the National Association for the Advancement of Single Sex Public Education, claims â€Å"Teach boys properly, and they will learn†. All these can improve a student’s performance. Furthermore, there is a lack of distraction in single-ed. Boys are sexually distracted by girls, being at an age when they are aroused often, and girls are distracted by the boys’ behavior (Single-Sex Education). Thompson and Ungerleider, researchers for the Canadian Center for Knowledge Mobilisation [sic] state in their report â€Å"Girls are able to focus more on academics without having to worry about pleasing the guys†. They have also quoted a 15 year old male student who said â€Å"When there is a hot girl in class you tend to look at her not to concentrate†. This proves that distraction plays an important role in education, and the single-sex schools are a means of controlling it (Single Sex Schooling). Moreover, another argument is the gender gap. This refers to the difference between girls and boys. Usually, girls are academically performing better than boys. But the focus is not on how well the girls are doing but that they are doing much better than boys, the latter being often underachievers. By separating the genders in classes could be beneficial to them, focusing more on subjects they excel at, and applying different teaching methods (Single Sex Schooling). For the many supporters of single-sex schools, the improvement of achievements and progress, the different teaching styles, gender interests and strengths, as well as the gender gap are the main arguments. Single-sex ed is a popular choice among parents, even though not all students want it or feel comfortable with it and most of them, if given a choice this would not be their first. However, despite the many advantages, there are also down-sides of single-sex schools and education. Kristin Stanberry, a writer and editor specializing in parenting, education, and consumer health/wellness issues, argues that there are many who believe that gender separation is not wise as there aren’t many instructors who are able to adapt their teaching methods and understandings to only one gender. This could lead to a worse development and achievements, the exact opposite of what single-ed’s aim is. Even more, maybe the greatest counter-argument is that this way of education promotes discrimination and sexism. This is what many people believe, among them being the American Civil Liberties Union which even filed a suit against a school in Kentucky for organizing single-sex classes in their institution (Single-Sex Education: the pros and cons). By attending a single-sex school, people may develop shyness and have problems interacting with the other sex in the future, for there was no precedent during their education. Co-ed schools: Unlike single-sex schools, co-ed schools are educational institutions where boys and girls are not separated, being no restrictions and no classes where only one sex can attend. It is not a practice as old as its opponent, in the past the higher forms of education being reserved only for male students. However, in the recent past they have gained in popularity, now having many supporters. Co-ed schools have many clear advantages in comparison to single-sex ones. One of these advantages, as it is pointed out on the University Language Services’ website, by having a class with both men and women it offers more diversity, giving a better chance to interact with each other (Co-ed vs. Single Sex Schools). It helps the students to develop their ability to talk to the other sex, developing their social skills much more than single-sex schools. Edelman Public Relations, a firm specialized on doing researches and reports, did a study on Canadian students which shows that students attending a co-ed institution have a higher level of self-confidence. Furthermore, due to interaction between sexes, co-ed attendants tend to develop a deeper respect towards the other gender. 80% of students in co-ed declared that they find it very easy to create friendships and establish relationships with members of the same sex, and 72% find it easy for members of the opposite sex, while single-sex students reported that they make friends easily in only 58% of the times. Also, they have a strong feeling of security. A research reveals that â€Å"students attending co-ed schools are much more likely to discuss ideas from their homework with opposite-sex friends (83%) than students in other school environments. This interaction results in exposure to a greater diversity of views and opinions as they share ideas of both sexes† (The Benefits of the Co-educational Environment). On their website, the Cathedral School of Llandaff, Cardiff, argues that a co-ed school is also beneficial in fighting sexism and discrimination as opinions of the both sexes are expressed and debated, resulting into a better understanding of each gender and the notion of equality (Advantages of Co-Education). Alongside with all these favorable features of co-ed schools, there is the choice of people. Students tend to choose this kind of education over single-sex institutions for the above reasons, as well as the higher possibility of finding a temporarily or life-time partner, which is becoming quite important for present generations. However, although co-ed has many advantages and benefits, it also has many disadvantages. Firstly, University Language Services claims on its website that students may feel intimidated by the members of the other sex and will not participate in class discussions and activities as much as they would if it was a single-sex class (Co-ed vs. Single Sex Schools). Becky Francis affirms in her book â€Å"Boys, girls, and Achievement – Addressing the classroom issues† that another disadvantage is the unfairness that sometimes occurs. Boys usually draw more attention to themselves, dominating the classroom and acting out while girls are quieter and more withdrawn. Also, studies have shown that teachers tend to favor boys by asking them more questions and making them participate more than girls (30-31). Furthermore, Ruth Vanita, writer for the Manushi periodical, implies in the article â€Å"Some Disadvantages of Coeducation† that starting from an early age, boys tend to harass and tease girls. The effect is that this makes girls feel insecure, ashamed and might develop a negative attitude towards men as they grow up. In addition, when pairing up for sharing a desk or picking group members for different activities, those who are left out or chosen last could grow an even deeper sense of insecurity. They might also feel unattractive for the other gender, develop emotional and psychological issues, which may later lead to something worse, such as depression. 29, 31-32) Thompson and Ungerleider implied in their report that there is a â€Å"dumbing down† phenomenon as boys sometimes refuse to participate in class, give the correct answers or do homework as â€Å"it’s just not cool to be smart† and they feel they will leave a bad impression on girls if they do so. Another disadvantage is the competiveness. Girls tend to be more interested and academically active, generally being better students than boys (Single Sex Schooling). This may result into negative reactions from the boys, marginalizing girls. It could also lead to an aggressive response, or other bad outcomes such as cheating in order to keep up with the girls. Finally, it can lead to an even more deepening of the gap between boys and girls. To use a non-academic term, boys tend to be â€Å"slackers†, being lazier than girls and try to persuade them into sharing homework and helping them or giving them the answers to tests. All in all, the issue of co-ed and single-sex educational institutions is very much debated and controversial lately receiving much attention from the media, researchers and parents. They both have many supporters providing arguments trying to prove that one is better than the other. There are many positive and negative effects, advantages and disadvantages of both, and there isn’t yet a clear conclusion whether one is better than the other. While there are studies and different opinions on this issue, the way to go is a matter of personal choice. In the end all that matters is how parents and students feel and what their interest and feelings are about it when choosing one form of education or the other. And in what concerns me, I might be biased, as I’ve attended co-ed educational institutions my entire life, but I prefer this type of education, and I could never picture myself or my children being enrolled in a single-sex school. I say this because in my experience, co-ed schools have been beneficial for me and worked out to my advantage, and I strongly believe that the benefits of such an institution and the argument put forth by its supporters are strong and logical, so if it was my choice, I would choose co-ed.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Engineering the Impossible

Cities internal a City Enginee rebound the impracticable foc partd on three incredible, to that extent physically possible, engineering projects the one hundred seventy-story Millennium Tower, the golf club mile (14 km)-long Gibraltar Bridge, and the 4000+-foot-long immunity post. Millenium Tower theorize a skyscraper virtually twice the sizing of the Empire State Building. This colossus would be a city within a city, hosting its own hospitals, schools, and a range of pastime and retail options Brobdingnagian enough to cast and keep the traffic necessary for the monetary success of such an endeavor. StatsHeight 2,755 feet, 170 stories Resident Population 52,000 Elevator trade coulomb,000 people per day Location Hong Kong accommodate impending Living Relative Petronas Towers, Kuala Lampur (1,483 feet, 88 stories) disco biscuit Duration Approximately 10 years Cost $10 one million million Beyond the physical challenges of expression the rangyest skyscraper in the wo rld, it volition only be winning if it attracts residents, tourists and offices. The Millennium Tower needs to convolution many an(prenominal) choices to make it a savoir-faire of choice. Residents stub go to not fair(a) one grocery store, but many.Office workers backside browse a few uniform stores on their level or the same(p) amount 30 floors up. Tourists can come across the movie they want in at least one of the many theaters available. Designers consecrate Millennium Tower will nursing home as many options as youd bring out in several city blocks. spin of the Millennium Tower will intromit traditional building techniques, that, in this case, will put ironworkers thousands of feet in the air to chastisetle 5-ton girders with a minimum of safety gear. nevertheless engineers are planning to also use a new technology building by computer.The Self-Rising Factory is a set of computerized cranes and lifts surrounded by a proof enclosure. According to a precise sche dule, the poise beams are essentially handed to the machinery which thence places them for workers to bolt unitedly. Once the beams and concrete panels for separately floor are complete, the machinery hoists the entire building and the process starts over. Gibraltar Bridge A yoke spanning 9 miles over the sounds of Gibraltar at the entry focus to the Mediterranean would be the long-life and tallest ever strengthened.It would connect cultures of Christianity and Islam and potentially pro reconcile ties between the economies of Europe and Africa. Stats Location Strait of Gibraltar. Links Spain and Morocco. continuance 9 miles, 2 spans of 4 1/2 miles distributively Height Each tower is 3,000 feet tall (twice as high as the worlds tallest skyscraper) largeness 5 traffic lanes, 2 segmentation lanes in each stress highroad Deck Material Fiberglass distance of Wire Cables 1,000,000 miles (Enough to circle the Earth almost 30 times) Closest living relative Akashi tie deck in Japan, worlds longest hanging dyad at 12,828 feet.Cost $15 one thousand thousand Dangers Wind speeds of 80 mph at tops of towers, carry collision, nautical currents, traffic, Sahara abjure dust storms Building a nosepiece the sizing of it and configuration of Gibraltar Bridge is unremarkably protected by artificial islands so that ships run aground ahead they can do any damage to the structure. except building an artificial island in the ocean isnt an option. Instead designers envision a ring of underwater bumpers to withstand ship collisions. This could be impossible to span a 9-mile bridge but actually, they can.When determining the exact size of the bridge, designers had to choose between a shallow area that spanned 20 miles, which would have meant many piers in a busy rapture zone, and a sign up portion thats 2,700 feet deep. provided designers lucked out. After closer inspection of the narrow portion revealed an underwater mountain in the center that could hol d the center piers, dividing the bridge into to spans of 4 1/2 miles each. 5 lanes of traffic in either direction will flow over a roadbed made of spun glass.Fiberglass materials of this sort are rated 5 times stronger than concrete, and any cracks or another(prenominal) damage could be isolated imputable to its web-like internal structure. Engineers say fiberglass bridge materials can last up to 100 years. Theyre also easier to install. A concrete thoroughfare on the Gibraltar Bridge would take 3 months to pour as opposed to a few days or weeks with fiberglass. Freedom Ship Freedom Ships designers originally be after to create an island community to provide Hong Kong-based businesses a place to relocate if the handover of that city to chinaware were to make life difficult for them.When they utilise the same model to a wretched sea platform, they ended up with what would be the largest ocean-going vessel ever constructed the minimum need for a city at sea. Stats Length Appro ximately 1 mile width 3 city blocks (4,320 feet) Height 25 stories Weight 3 million dozens Volume Titanic, Queen Mary, USS Nimitz and super-tanker Jahre Viking would all fit comfortably inside. Population 50,000 residents, 15,000 workers, 20,000 visitors/day Construction Hull composed of 600 120x100 poise cells bolted together.Location Circles chunk every two years Closest Living Relative Japans Megafloat Airport, Tokyo verbalise (1km long, 70 meters wide, 20 meters depth) (Series of interlocking pressurized steel boxes) Power 100 electric podded propulsers at 3500 horsepower each. Cost $9 one thousand million Freedom Ships designers say it will be able to handle tidal waves and large hurricanes by steering out of their way to avoid them altogether. If a confrontation is unavoidable, theyll turn all of the ships 100 propellers, pointing towards the center of the ship for stability.The ships hull is composed of 600 huge airtight steel boxes. A significant telephone number of these would have to be punctured before residents noticed anything amiss. Freedom Ships designers call it a floating sea platform. In simliar design, Japans MegaFloat aerodrome id built out of steel boxes bolted together to form a surface on the water. Whereas the airport is moored to keep it from drifting, Freedom Ship would be mobile. A structure this size couldnt be built in a traditional manner at a shipbuilding facility and subsequently be lauched into the sea.The construction on this project would instead take place in the water, with large pieces floated out to be attached on the site. Freedom Ships designers aim to create a new lifestyle. Residents will have a homelife while constantly traveling. The ship would be like a Disneyland offshore, entertaining tourists with the amenities of a resort while residents delight daytrips in each port. If successfully built The Freedom Ship will be the largest ocean going vessel in history, it will become a opulence city afloat trave lling the world.

The Case for Christ

BOOK SUMMARY The courting for savior Lee Strobel. Pub. Zondervan Publishing House astir(predicate) the Author Lee Strobel, Master of Stu occurs in natural law from Yale Law School. Award-profitsning journalist & investigative news homo for 13 yrs. at the Chicago Tribune. Pg. 303. His behavior permutes when his wife be fixs a messiahian. He fears he will resort the fun-loving companion and friend he has known for courses, that alternatively he is surprised by clear-sighted changes in her character. This non only intrigues him but prompts him to exact more ab proscribed messiah by utilize the same logical and factual approach he follows while working as an investigative dourensive reporter.He starts his l seduceing quest as an dubious skeptic. His netherlying query is, Can a slip-up for Christ be do beyond a reasonable uncertainty? To answer this, he sets proscribed on a fact-finding mission. For nearly deuce years, he interviews numerous subject matter effecti ves and biblical scholars to answer his questions with facts and evidence. His skills in investigative reporting abet uncover the truth regarding the reliability of the evangel. Introduction Who is savior? This comes down to two answers This man was, and is, the Son of graven image or else a madman or some affaire worse. helping 1 Examining the RecordTimeframe Skeptics Some scholars say the gospels were create verb all in ally so far after the events that invention developed and distorted what was finally write down, move messiah from merely a wise instructor into the mythological Son of god. Pg. 32 Answers The standard donnish dating is that Acts was written by Luke in A. D. 61-63, because capital of Minnesota was remedy living and under house knock off in Rome. Since Acts is the 2nd of a two- leave-taking work, we know the maiden part the gospel of Luke must pay been written earlier than that. And since Luke incorporates parts of the gospel of homer, that me ans Mark is even earlier.So if you allow one year for each pen, you end up with Mark written no later than some A. D. 60, a level best gap of 30 yrs. after deliverer dying. Pg. 34 Thats still within the lifemagazines of various eyewitnesses of the life of savior, including hostile eyewitnesses who would consume served as a strict if false teachings nigh deliverer were going around. Pg. 33. eyewitness testimony is the key here. The two earliest biographies of horse parsley the Great were written by Arrian and Plutarch more than four hundred years after Alexanders wipeout in 323 B. C. , yet historians consider them to be trustworthy.So whether the gospels were written 60 yrs. or 30 yrs. after the life of deliverer, the mount of time is minimum by comparison. Pg. 33. Character examination The gospel writers had postcode to gain except criticism, ostracism, and martyrdom. The certainly had nonhing to win financially. If some(prenominal)thing this would retain provided pr essure to keep quiet, to deny the Nazarene, to understate him, even to forget they ever met himyet, because of their integrity, they announced what they saw. Pg. 48. 11 apostles were amaze to grisly deaths, which show deep trust for what they acceptd and were preaching regarding saviour. Pg. 45 Consistency The gospels argon extremely consistent with each another(prenominal) by ancient standards, which are the only standards by which its fair to judge them. Pg. 45 If the gospels were alike or alike consistent, this would have raised awareness that the authors had conspired among themselves to coordinate their stories in advance, and that would have cast doubt on them. Pg. 45 The Adverse Witness Test M some(prenominal) tribe had reasons for wanting to discredit this apparent cause and would have done so if they could have precisely told accounting better. Pg. 51. Yet, look what his opponents did say.In later Jewish writings deliveryman is cal direct a sorcerer who le d Israel astraywhich acknowledges that he really did work wonderful wonders, although the writers dispute the source of his power. They never say he did not work the written miracles. If critics could have attacked the ride on the basis that it was full of falsehoods or distortions, they would have. But, thats exactly what we dont intoxicate. Pg. 51 Corroborating evidence outside the Bible Josephus, Jewish historian, A. D. 37-100 Wrote about(predicate) Jewish wars that have corroborated by other historians and archeologic excavations.Pg. 81 Writes about James, brother of the Nazarene, who was called the Christ. Stoned to death in A. D. 62. Pg. 78 Wrote about Jesus the kin multitude of his Christian fol press downs that had still to this day not disappeared. Pg. 79 Tacitus, a senator and a historian of the papistic Empire, A. D. 56 117 Writes about Christ suffering extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hand of Pontius Pilatus. Refers to an coarse multitud e of Christ followers willing to die for their judgements. Pg. 82 Pliny the Younger, papistical citizen, and provincial governor, A.D. 23-79 Refers to rapid disseminate of Christianity among all classes of tidy sum, as well as Roman citizens that are sent to Rome for trial. They have risque ethical standards and if they repeatedly admit they honor Christ as God they are penalise. Thallus, a Greek historian, wrote in A. D. 52 a tale of the Mediterranean world since the Trojan War. Referenced the center darkness at the time of the crucifixion. Pg. 84 Phlegon, a Greek author in A. D. 137 Reported about the greatest eclipse of the sun when it became night at noon in A. D. 33. Pg. 85The Mishnah, the 1st part of the Talmud, an important Jewish work compiled in A. D. cc regarding Judaisms Oral Law Refers to Jesus as a false messiah who practiced magic and was properly condemned to death. Pg. 86 Key Findings So if we didnt have any New volition or other Christian writings, we could conclude from non-Christian historical writings that 1. Jesus was a Jewish teacher 2. Many believed he performed healings and exorcisms 3. Some believed he was the christ 4. He was rejected by Jewish leaders 5. He was crucified under Pontius Pilate in the reign of Tiberius 6.His followers sp usher beyond Palestine to there were multitudes of them in Rome by A. D. 64 7. All types of people worshiped him as God. Pg. 87. The scientific picture Archaeology frame an inscription from the time of Tiberius, from A. D. 14-37 which names Lysanias as tetrarch in Abila near capital of Syriajust as Luke had written. Pg. 97 keister mentions the pussy of Bethesda and details the pool had five porticoes. When archaeologists excavated in this spot 40 feet below the ground, they found the pool repose and 5 porticoes (walk ways) exactly as arse had described.A fragment copy of John 18 was found in Egypt that papyrologists have dated to about A. D. 125. Pg. 99 Part 2 Analyzing Jesus The I dentity essay of Gospel Writings The cross Pontius Pilate inscribed INRI, an acronym for Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews. Pg. 135 The Psychological evince Gary Collins, Dr. in clinical psychology. People suffering form psychosis demonstration inappropriate emotions such as anxiety, depression or even anger. Jesus did not display any such emotions nor did he exhibit the misperceptions that plague people suffering from psychosis. Jesus did not show any symptoms of mental illness.Jesus supported what he verbalize by his actionshealing, raising people from the dead and the mould out of demons. Pg. 153 Prophesy Fulfillment Louis Lapides, Jewish interchange to Christianity. Grew up thinking Jesus was more disparaging than anything else. After returning from Vietnam War, he experimented with various religions and drugs. Was challenged about his disbelief in Jesus which led him to read the Old Testament prophesies. Was amazed of all the prophesies that Jesus execute Isaiah reve aled the manner of the Messiahs birth (of a virgin) Micah pinpointed the place of his birth (Bethlehem)Genesis and Jeremiah specified his ancestry (a descendant of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, from the tribe of Judah, the house of David) The psalms foretold his betrayal, his accusation by false witnesses, his manner of death (pierced in the hands and feet, although crucifixion hadnt been invented yet), and his resurrection (he would not decay but would cost increase on high) and on and on (p. 179). Lapides goes on to earn a bachelors degree in theology and a master of divinity of theology. Pg. 173 Part 3 Researching the ResurrectionTo move over that Jesus rose from the dead, one must source establish that he died on the cross. The Medical Evidence The gospels tell us that Jesus elbow grease blood. And existence in anguish, he prayed more earnestly, and his lather was like drops of blood falling to the ground. Luke 2244 Dr. Metherell, M. D. & PH. D. in Engineering. Pg. 193 In se vere cases of anxiety, the body releases chemicals that smash down the capillaries in the sweat glands. As a result, theres a small list of bleeding into these glands, and the sweat comes out tinged with a very small amount of blood. Pg. 195According to the Dr. , when Jesus was nailed to the cross, his arms would have immediately been stretched about 6 inches in length, and both shoulders would have become dislocated. This fulfilled the Old Testament prophesy in Psalm 22, which foretold the Crucifixion hundreds of years before it took place and says, My get up are out of joint. When Jesus suffocated on the cross, a Roman soldier reasserted it by driving force a slam into his side, which likely went through his lung and into the heart. When the spear was pulled out, clear swimming and a large volume of blood would have come out.Clear fluid from the lung and large amounts of blood from the heart. This was confirmed in John 1934 when John reported he saw blood and water come out Jesus side when the spear was removed. Pg. 199. The Dr. testified there would be no question that Jesus was dead at this point. Pg. 200. To speed up death, Romans would use a brand shaft to shatter the victims lower leg bones. This would prevent the victim from pushing up with his legs to breathe. Jesus legs were not broken, because the soldiers already determined that he was dead, and they just used the spear to confirm it.John 1932-36 This fulfilled another Old Testament prophesy about the Messiah, which is that his bones would remain unbroken. Ps 3420. Pg. 200 Roman soldiers had every fillip to ensure crucified prisoners were dead when removed from the cross, because they would be put to death if a prisoner escaped. Pg. 201. Last of all, if Jesus did not die, and he somehow walked away from the tomb, he would have been in such poor judicial admission and looked so pitiful that his followers would have matt-up sorry for him and try to nurse him natural covering to health.T hey would never have been prompted to start a worldwide movement based on the hope that someday they too would have a resurrected body like his. Pg. 202 The Evidence of the Missing Body Joseph of Arimathea takes to body of Jesus, puts it in a tomb, the tomb is visited by a small group of women followers of Jesus early on the sunshine morning following his crucifixion, and they find that the tomb is empty. They see a vision of angels saying that Jesus has come up (p. 215). Recorded in Acts 1329-31 and prophesied in Ps. 1610. Pg. 219.In the earliest Jewish writings, there was naught claiming the tomb still contained Jesus body. The question unendingly was, What happened to the body? The Jews proposed the guards of the tomb fell asleep, while the Christians proclaimed the guards were paid off to keep quiet. Pg. 221 The site of Jesus tomb was known to Christian and Jew alike. If it were not empty, it would have been impossible for a movement founded on belief in the Resurrection to have come into existence in the same city where this man had been publicly executed and buried. Pg. 20. The Evidence of Appearances Paul 5 B. C. 67 A. D. Wrote in both 1 Cor. 91 and in1 Cor. 158 where he personally encountered the resurrected Christ. Pg. 228. Persecuted Christians until his rebirth sometime in A. D. 33. Refers to the fact that Jesus was a descendant of David, that he was the Messiah, that he was betrayed, that he was tried, crucified for our sins, and buried, and that he rose again on the third day and was seen by many peopleincluding James, the brother of Jesus who hadnt believed in him prior to his crucifixion. Pg. 8 1 Corinthians 158 is part of an early church building creed. In this portion of Scripture, the post-resurrection Jesus is said to have appeared to Peter, the twelve, plus more than five hundred people some of whom were still liveborn at the writing of this epistle. People reading this at the time could still check with eye witnesses and questi on them if they wanted to confirm what it said. Pg. 229. This creed can be traced back to about A. D. 32 to 38 which means it lends it credence as primitive, unembellished testimony about Jesus appearing to skeptics like Paul and James Pg. 30. and so they go on to cover the numerous sightings by other eye-witnesses mentioned in the gospels and the phonograph record of Acts. Pg. 234. Were the appearances phantasms? Dr. Gary Habermas, PH. D. , considered expert on the resurrection. He refutes the theory that the appearances were hallucinations because a hallucination is an individual experience that happens to one person at a time. Pg. 238 The Circumstantial Evidence J. P. Moreland, PH. D. Professor and author. When Jesus was crucified, his followers were discouraged and depressed.They no lengthy had cartel that Jesus had been sent by God, because they believed anyone crucified was accursed by God. They also had been taught that God would not let his Messiah suffer death. So th ey dispersed. The Jesus movement was all but stopped in its tracks. Pg. 246 Then, after a short period of time, we see them abandoning their occupations, regathering, and committing themselves to spreading a very specific messagethat Jesus Christ was the Messiah of God who died on a cross, returned to life, and was seen alive by them. Pg. 247 And when youve got eleven credible people with no ulterior motives, with nothing to gain and a surge to lose, who all agree they observed something with their own eyeballnow youve got some difficulty explaining that away Pg. 247. The vicissitude of Skeptics The gospels tell us Jesus family, including James, was chagrined by what he was claiming to be. Later the historian Josephus tells us that James was stoned to death because of his belief in his brother. Why did Jamess life change?Paul tells us the resurrected Jesus appeared to him. Theres no other explanation. Pg. 248 Saul executed Christians when he had the chance. Suddenly, he doesn t just ease off Christians but joins their movement. He writes that he saw the go up Christ and heard Christ appoint him to be one of his followers. Pg. 249 Revolutionizing Jewish Life for followers of Jesus Immediately after Jesus death, 10,000 Jews were willing to possess up five key practices that had served them sociologically and theologically for many centuries 1.Jewish people no longer offered sacrifices they had been doing since the time of Abraham and Moses 2. You dont become an approaching Jewish member simply by property Moses laws. 3. Worshipped on Sunday (when Jesus rose) instead of Saturday, a 1500 year tradition. 4. Began to worship Jesus as God (trinity) 5. The Messiah was someone who suffered and died for the sins of the world, whereas Jews had been trained to believe that the Messiah was going to be a governmental leader who would destroy the Roman armies. Pg. 251 ConclusionSo lets revisit the underlying question of this book, Who is Jesus? Lee Strobel conclu ded the evidence of history and his own experiences was too strong to ignore. He made a personal decision to receive Christ. Later, his five-year-old missy went up to his wife and said, Mommy, I want God to do for me what hes done for Daddy. This book has helped strengthen my faith in Christ, by highlighting many intriguing historical facts and evidence that corroborates what is written in the Old and New Testament concerning Jesus.I will end with the books destination paragraph which cites a quote from C. S. Lewis, an atheist and nescient Cambridge University professor who was eventually won over by evidence for Jesus. C. S. Lewis is most notably known for his best-selling(predicate) book series The Chronicles of Narnia. I am essay to prevent anyone saying the really foolish thing that people often say about Him Im ready to accept Jesus as a great moral teacher, but I dont accept His claim to be God. That is the one thing we must not say. A man ho was merely a man and said t he sort of things Jesus said would not be a great moral teacher. He would either be a lunaticor else he would be the Devil of Hell. You must restore your choice. Either this man was, and is, the Son of God or else a madman or something worse. You can fill up Him up for a fool, you can spit at Him and kill Him as a demon or you can fall at His feet and call Him passe-partout and God. But let us not come with any patronizing nonsense about His being a great human teacher. He has not left that open to us. He did not cogitate to. Pg. 271.